1,000+ Opportunities
Find the right grant
Search federal, foundation, and corporate grants with AI — or browse by agency, topic, and state.
This listing may be outdated. Verify details at the official source before applying.
Find similar grantsInnovate UK Women in Innovation Award 2024/25 is sponsored by Innovate UK. Supports women entrepreneurs within SMEs across the UK with funding and tailored business support.
Get alerted about grants like this
Save a search for “Innovate UK” or related topics and get emailed when new opportunities appear.
Search similar grants →Extracted from the official opportunity page/RFP to help you evaluate fit faster.
Competition overview - Women in Innovation Award 2024/25 - Innovation Funding Service Your application has timed out You have been signed out as you were inactive for 8 hours. We do this to keep your information secure. You need to sign back in to continue with your application.
Your application will time out soon We will reset your application if you do not respond in 5 minutes. We do this to keep your information secure. This is a new service – your feedback will help us to improve it.
Women in Innovation Award 2024/25 Women within UK registered micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) can apply for a share of up to £4 million to develop their exciting and innovative ideas. The £75,000 grant also includes bespoke business support. Competition opens: Monday 13 May 2024 Wednesday 10 July 2024 11:00am This competition is now closed.
Text update 22 May 2024: We have amended wording for applicant clarity. Innovate UK, part of UK Research and Innovation, is offering up to 50 Women in Innovation Awards to women entrepreneurs within SMEs across the UK. The winners will receive a £75,000 grant and bespoke business support.
The aim of this competition is to fund and support a diverse portfolio of Women in Innovation Award winners: who will be relatable role models for women from all backgrounds from regions across the UK who are solving a range of pressing societal, environmental and economic challenges in a variety of innovation areas We want to support women who are at a critical stage, where the injection of support from an award will accelerate the growth of their business.
The funding should help you make a real difference to innovation in the UK including in and beyond your sector or innovation area. In applying to this competition, you are entering into a competitive process. This competition has a funding limit, so we may not be able to fund all the proposed projects.
It may be the case that your project scores highly but we are still unable to fund it. This competition closes at 11am UK time on the deadline stated in this Innovate UK competition brief . We cannot guarantee other government or third party sites will always show the correct competition information.
Your project’s grant funding request must be up to £75,000. Accessibility and Inclusion We welcome and encourage applications from people of all backgrounds and are committed to making our application process accessible to everyone. This includes making reasonable adjustments, for people who have a disability or a long-term condition and face barriers applying to us.
You can contact us at any time to ask for guidance. We recommend you contact us at least 15 working days before this competition’s closing date to allow us to put the most suitable support in place. The support we can provide may be limited if you contact us close to the competition deadline.
You can contact Innovate UK by email or call 0300 321 4357. Our phone lines are open from 9am to 12pm and 2pm to 5pm UK time, Monday to Friday (excluding bank holidays). Text update 2 July 2024: further clarity has been added regarding lead applicant eligibility.
Text update 24 May 2024: further clarity has been added regarding lead applicant eligibility. Text update 12 June 2024: we have changed the guidance in the funding section for clarity. have a grant funding request of up to £75,000 carry out all of its project work in the UK intend to exploit the results from or in the UK Projects must always start on the first of the month and this must be stated within your application.
Your project start date will be reflected in your grant offer letter if you are successful. You must only include eligible project costs in your application. Under current restrictions, this competition will not fund any procurement, commercial, business development or supply chain activity with any Russian or Belarusian entity as lead, partner or subcontractor.
This includes any goods or services originating from a Russian or Belarusian source. You will be made ineligible if you exceed the Minimal Financial Assistance limit. You must submit a complete declaration as part of your application.
To lead a project you must: be a woman founder, co-founder or senior decision maker within a UK registered micro, small or medium-sized enterprise (SME) that has been registered on Companies House for at least 12 months by the competition closing date attend two development days in 2025 be fully committed to volunteer as a role model for at least five days over the duration of the award Applications from UK-registered social enterprises operating economically will be eligible if they meet all other criteria.
More information on the different types of organisation can be found in our Funding rules . You are not eligible to apply for Women in Innovation 2024 - 2025 if you or anyone else from your business have previously received Innovate UK funding from: Young Innovators Next Steps follow on funding Innovate UK Award: Build (Unlocking Potential) Subcontractors are allowed in this competition.
Subcontracting costs must not exceed 50% of the grant funding amount. Subcontractors can be from anywhere in the UK and you must select them through your usual procurement process. We expect all subcontractor costs to be justified and appropriate to the total eligible project costs.
You can only make one application for yourself. Only one woman working within an organisation can apply. The awards are for individuals, but this does not prevent you from working on the project with others.
Use of animals in research and innovation Innovate UK expects and supports the provision and safeguarding of welfare standards for animals used in research and innovation, according to best practice and up to date guidance. Applicants must ensure that all of the proposed work within projects, both that in the UK and internationally, will comply with the UKRI guidance on the use of animals in research and innovation .
Any projects selected for funding which involve animals will be asked to provide additional information on welfare and ethical considerations, as well as compliance with any relevant legislation as part of the project start-up process. This information will be reviewed before an award is made. You can use a previously submitted application to apply for this competition.
You can make a maximum of two submissions to Innovate UK with any given proposal. If Innovate UK judges that your proposal is not materially different from your previous proposal, it will be counted towards this maximum.
We will not award you funding if you have: failed to exploit a previously funded project an overdue independent accountant’s report failed to comply with grant terms and conditions Minimal Financial Assistance (and De minimis where applicable) Grant funding in this competition is awarded as Minimal Financial assistance (MFA). This allows public bodies to award up to £315,000 to an enterprise in a three year rolling financial period.
In your application, you will be asked to declare previous funding received by you. This will form part of the financial checks ahead of Innovate UK making a formal grant offer. To establish your eligibility, we need to check that our support added to the amount you have previously received does not exceed the limit of £315,000 in the ‘applicable period’.
The applicable period is made up of: (a) the elapsed part of the current financial year, and (b) the two financial years immediately preceding the current financial year.
You must include any funding which you have received during the applicable period under: Minimal Financial Assistance (previously referred to as Special Drawing Rights ) You do not need to include aid or subsidies which have been granted on a different basis, for example, an aid award granted under the General Block Exemption Regulation.
Further information about the Subsidy Control Act 2022 requirements can be found in the Subsidy Control Act 2022 (legislation. gov.uk) . EU Commission rules now only apply in limited circumstances.
Please see the Windsor Framework to check if these rules apply to your organisation. If you are unsure about your obligations under the Subsidy Control Act 2022, you should take independent legal advice. We cannot advise on individual eligibility or your legal obligations.
We have allocated up to £4 million to fund innovation projects in this competition. Your total project costs will be 100% funded. Your total project costs and grant funding request must match and must not exceed the £75,000 grant funding amount.
If your total project costs or grant funding request exceeds the maximum then your application will be made ineligible. If successful, the grant funding will be paid in two instalments: 90% paid upfront in December 2024 10% paid post project end, upon approval of the final claim, independent accountant report (IAR) and project close form (PCF) You can make reference to any additional voluntary contribution in your application answers.
It must not be detailed in the finance section. For more information on company sizes, please refer to the Company accounts guidance . If you are applying for an award funded under European Commission Regulations, the definitions are set out in the European Commission Recommendation of 6 May 2003 .
The aim of this competition is to fund and support a diverse portfolio of Women in Innovation Award winners: who will be relatable role models for women from all backgrounds from regions across the UK who are solving a range of pressing societal, environmental and economic challenges in a variety of innovation areas Your project must identify clearly evidenced pressing societal, environmental or economic challenges, and how your project and innovation can help solve them.
Applications can come from any area of innovation (where innovation is defined as the commercially successful exploitation of ideas) and be applied to any part of the economy. We are looking for women who clearly explain how they will benefit from the full package of funding and support on offer and who can describe how this will add value to them and their business.
We are particularly encouraging applications from women who: are looking to develop a game changing novel idea or business innovation have the potential, capability, experience and personal drive to become leaders in business innovation want to be a role model for others, including in their region, sector and to young people have a clear vision for their business know what they are hoping to achieve from the award and how to measure success As an award holder you will receive tailored business support, including but not limited to: funding and finance options and how to access these media and communications, for example, branding developing new business models evaluating market opportunities developing international collaborations and accessing global markets business planning strategy Award holders will be required to volunteer as a role model for at least five days over the 12 month duration of the award.
This is likely to generate interest in your stories and business. A role model is a person perceived by others as setting an example of best practice which, if replicated, can enable the achievement of goals. A role model is frequently associated with undertaking activities, including but not limited to: A role model will help encourage and inspire others to enter a career in innovation and promote diversity and inclusion in innovation.
We want to fund a variety of projects across different locations in the UK. We call this a portfolio approach . Projects we will not fund Text update 2 July 2024: further clarity has been added regarding eligibility around previous funding.
We are not funding projects that: are not led by a woman founder, co-founder or senior decision maker within a UK registered SME have total project costs and a grant funding request over £75,000 attribute more than 50% of their costs to subcontractors do not intend to use the full award package, for example, requesting just the funding and not the wider support package have a negative impact on the environment or society have a detrimental effect on equality, diversity and inclusion (EDI) are unable to commit to two development days in 2025 are not able to fulfil at least five days of Role Modelling during the 12 month Award have previously received Innovate UK funding from Women in Innovation, Young Innovators Next Steps follow on funding, or Innovate UK Award: Build (Unlocking Potential) We cannot fund projects that: involve primary production in fishery and aquaculture involve primary production in agriculture have activities relating to the purchase of road freight transport are not allowed under De minimis regulation restrictions are not eligible to receive Minimal Financial Assistance are dependent on export performance, for example, giving an award to a baker on the condition that they export a certain quantity of bread to another country are dependent on domestic inputs usage, for example, if we give an award to a baker on the condition that they use 50% UK flour in their product Online briefing event: watch the recording (Briefing slides will be available to download from supporting information after the event) Grant Writing Workshop: watch the recording How to make an effective video submission: watch the recording Project Planning and Risk Management Workshop Women in Innovation: watch the recording Because this session coincided with the General Election, it is now a pre-recorded session addressing the common questions received over the last 6 weeks.
Text update 22 May 2024: We have added clearer wording to Question 6 and 7 regarding scoring. You must read the guidance on applying for a competition on the Innovation Funding Service before you start.
Before submitting, it is the lead applicant’s responsibility to make sure: that all the information provided in the application is correct your proposal meets the eligibility and scope criteria all sections of the application are marked as complete You can reopen your application once submitted, up until the competition deadline. You must resubmit the application before the competition deadline.
The application is split into four sections: Accessibility and Inclusion We welcome and encourage applications from people of all backgrounds and are committed to making our application process accessible to everyone. This includes making reasonable adjustments, for people who have a disability or a long-term condition and face barriers applying to us. You can contact us at any time to ask for guidance.
We recommend you contact us at least 15 working days before this competition’s closing date to allow us to put the most suitable support in place. The support we can provide may be limited if you contact us close to the competition deadline. You can contact Innovate UK by email or call 0300 321 4357.
Our phone lines are open from 9am to 12pm and 2pm to 5pm UK time, Monday to Friday (excluding bank holidays). This section provides background for your application and is not scored. The assessors will not have access to the equality diversity and inclusion survey data.
Give your project’s title, start date and duration. Projects must start on 1 December 2024 and be of 12 months’ duration. Describe your project in detail, and in a way that you are happy to see published.
Do not include any commercially sensitive information. If we award your project funding, we will publish this description. This could happen before you start your project.
Your answer can be up to 400 words long. Describe how your project fits the scope of the competition. If your project is not in scope, it will not be eligible for funding.
Your answer can be up to 400 words long. You must state the name and full registered address of your organisation and any subcontractors working on your project. We are collecting this information to understand the geographical location of all applicants.
Due to our portfolio approach, we reserve the right to withdraw your award if your location changes before your start date. The assessors will score all your answers apart from questions 1 to 4. You will receive feedback for each scored question.
Find out more about how our assessors assess and how we select applications for funding . You must answer all questions. Do not include any website addresses (URLs) in your answers other than your video link for question 5.
Question 1. Minimal Financial Assistance declaration (not scored) You must download the declaration template. You must complete this, declaring any funding received under Minimal Financial Assistance (previously referred to as Special Drawing Rights) or De minimis awards, (from any source of public funding) in the applicable period.
You must complete all the fields on your form before uploading. You must write “declaration attached” in the question text box. You must upload the completed declaration as an appendix.
It must be a PDF and the font must be legible at 100% zoom. You must keep all documentation relating to Minimal Financial Assistance (previously referred to as Special Drawing Rights) and other De minimis awards for a period of six years and be prepared to release it to any public funding body which requests it. Question 2.
Animal testing (not scored) Will your project involve any trials with animals or animal testing? You must select one option: We will only support innovation projects conducted to the highest standards of animal welfare. Further information for proposals involving animal testing is available at the UKRI Good Research Hub and NC3R’s animal welfare guidance .
Question 3. Role model commitment (not scored) Can you commit five days over the duration of the award to activities related to being a role model? You must state Yes or No as part of your answer and explain why role models are important to inspire future innovators.
If you state no, you will be made ineligible. Your answer can be up to 150 words long. Question 4.
Further business support (not scored) Even if you are unsuccessful, we may be able to find you some business support through our partner organisations. Are you happy for us to share your details with our partner organisations, Innovate UK Business Connect, Innovate UK Business Growth and the Catapult network? Question 5.
Video (scored) You must provide a video to describe your proposal. The video is mandatory and if you do not provide a link to access your video in this question, your application will be made ineligible.
In your video, tell us about: your business and innovation the problem your innovation will solve why you are best placed to solve it the skills, expertise and experience you have which are relevant to ensuring successful delivery of the project your capacity to successfully deliver this project alongside existing business activities or constraints Your video will be considered together with the responses you give in the other application questions.
You must upload your video to YouTube. Your video must be no longer than three minutes. If your video is over three minutes long, only the first three minutes will be viewed.
You do not need to be in the video, you are able to submit a black screen or slide deck with a voice over. The video does not need to be a costly production. It is simply an opportunity to give the assessors clarity in understanding your project.
your video is ‘unlisted’ in the privacy settings your video remains available until 1 December 2024 you give the link and any passwords required in your written answer to this question You can find more information on how to create an unlisted video on YouTube . Check that your video can be opened with the link and any passwords and can be played before completing your submission.
If the assessors are unable to view your video link, or it is hosted on a platform other than YouTube, your application will be made ineligible. Requests for extensions due to problems uploading a video will not be accepted. If you cannot upload your video to YouTube, you must contact support@iuk.
ukri. org at least 15 working days before the competition closes for advice, or to ask permission to use an alternative platform. This question is worth 20% of the total score.
Your answer can be up to 100 words long. Question 6. Need or challenge (scored) What pressing societal, environmental, or economic challenge are you trying to solve through your innovation and what is the expected impact?
the expected impacts on society, the economy and the environment what potential negative impacts you have considered and how you plan to mitigate them the overall societal, environmental, or economic challenges your innovation is focussing on the business need, technological challenge or market opportunity any work you have already done to respond to this need, for example, if the project focuses on developing an existing capability or building a new one the wider economic, social, environmental, cultural or political challenges which are influential in creating the opportunity, such as incoming regulations This question is worth 20% of the total score.
Your answer can be up to 500 words long. Question 7. Approach and innovation (scored) What innovation would you develop with the award?
the new idea or business opportunity and why this is innovative and important how your new idea or business opportunity will respond to the challenge identified in question 6 the freedom you have to operate, for example, patents, intellectual property (IP) how this project fits with your current product, service lines or offerings your target customers or end users and their location (whether they are based in specific regions, across the UK or other locations) how you will consider equality, diversity and inclusion (EDI) in the design, development and delivery of your innovation how you have engaged with the target audience to understand their need the nearest current state of the art, including those near market or in development, and its limitations You can submit one appendix to support your answer.
It can include diagrams and charts. It must be a PDF and can be up to two A4 pages long and no larger than 10MB in size. The font must be legible at 100% zoom.
This question is worth 20% of the total score. Your answer can be up to 500 words long. Question 8.
Plan for the award (scored) How will you deliver the award? How will the full package of support enable you to successfully deliver the award?
the specific activities or work packages you will undertake with the grant funding you are requesting with the costs associated any resources, equipment and facilities required for the project or activity and how you will access them who you will need to work with to successfully execute your project or carry out the planned activity, such as subcontractors how you will manage the project to keep it on track and maximise the likelihood of success, including any tools and mechanisms that will be used to ensure successful delivery your three main risks for your project or planned activity, for example, any technical, commercial, managerial or environmental risks, and explain how these will be mitigated how you will incorporate and utilise the full package of support from this award You must upload a risk register as an appendix in PDF format no larger than 10MB and up to one A4 page long.
The font must be legible at 100% zoom. You can also upload a project plan or Gantt chart as an appendix in PDF format no larger than 10MB and up to one A4 page long. The font must be legible at 100% zoom.
This question is worth 20% of the total score. Your answer can be up to 500 words long. Question 9.
Added value and timeliness of the award (scored) What added value would an injection of public funding have on the business? Why is this the right time for the Women in Innovation Award?
the impact this project will have on the growth potential for your business your vision for where you see your business in the future the added value of the Women in Innovation Award to you and why this is the right time for the injection of support it offers what advantages public funding would offer your project, for example, appeal to investors, more partners, reduced risk or a faster route to market what other routes of investment you have already approached and what your project would look like without public funding what you expect the next steps to be after the award (potential challenges and opportunities) This question is worth 20% of the total score.
Your answer can be up to 500 words long. Your project’s total grant funding request and total project costs must not exceed the maximum of £75,000. If your grant funding request or total project costs do exceed this maximum, then your application will be made ineligible.
You can make reference to any additional voluntary contribution in your application question answers but these must not be detailed in this finance section. For full details on what costs you can claim see our project costs guidance . You can also view our Application Finances video .
This section is not scored but will provide background to your project. You must complete the Project Impact questions before being able to submit the application. More information can be found in our Project Impact guidance and by viewing our Impact Management Framework video.
Innovate UK complies with the requirements of UK GDPR and the Data Protection Act 2018 , and is committed to upholding data protection legislation, and protecting your information in accordance with data protection principles. Background and further information Text update 22/05/2024: We have added a link to our Frequently Asked Questions to help with your application.
Text update 28/08/2024: We have updated the link to the Frequently Asked Questions. Innovate UK launched Women in Innovation (WII) in 2016, after research revealed that just one in seven applications for Innovate UK support came from women. Boosting the number of women entrepreneurs could deliver £250 million to the economy.
The overall aim was to get more women with excellent ideas innovating within UK businesses. WII is part of our commitment to promote greater diversity and inclusion in business innovation. Diversity and inclusion are at the heart of the Women in Innovation programme which forms an integral part of Innovate UK’s 2021-2025 Plan for Action for UK Business Innovation .
Through the Women in Innovation programme, we are nurturing pioneering women to embrace innovation, grow their businesses, and work in partnership with many brilliant organisations and develop their own diverse teams for positive economic, environmental, and societal change. Since 2016, WII has been incredibly successful, we have over 200 award winners with a £10. 1 million investment and an associated community of over 9,500 members.
The programme has amplified our reach and impact towards Innovate UK’s mission to foster a more gender-diverse business innovation ecosystem in the UK. WII remains one of the most popular Innovate UK programmes and is highly valued within the community. The two Women in Innovation development days will be held during the 12 months of your award.
The first will be held in February 2025 and the second in September 2025. The development days are an opportunity to engage and network with both those providing the expert support available and other peers in your cohort. Please see our Frequently Asked Questions to help you apply for the Innovate UK Women in Innovation Award 2024/25.
This competition is operated by Innovate UK. Innovate UK is directly accountable to you for its holding and processing of your information, including any personal data and confidential information. Data is held in accordance with our own policies.
Accordingly, Innovate UK will be data controllers for personal data submitted during the application. Innovate UK complies with the requirements of UK GDPR and the Data Protection Act 2018 , and is committed to upholding data protection legislation, and protecting your information in accordance with data protection principles.
The Information Commissioner’s Office also has a useful guide for organisations, which outlines the data protection principles. If you want help to find a project partner, contact Innovate UK Business Connect . Support for SMEs from Innovate UK Business Growth If you receive an award, you will be contacted about working with an innovation and growth specialist at Innovate UK Business Growth .
This service forms part of our funded offer to you. These specialists focus on growing innovative businesses and ensuring that projects contribute to their growth. Working one-to-one, they can help you to identify your best strategy and harness world-class resources to grow and achieve scale.
We encourage you to engage with Innovate UK Business Growth, delivered by a knowledgeable and objective specialist near you. Your application will be reviewed by five independent assessors based on the content of your application and their skills or expertise relevant to your project. All of the scores awarded will count towards the total score used to make the funding decision unless you are notified otherwise.
You can find out more about our assessment process in the General Guidance . Your submitted application will be assessed against these criteria. Women in innovation 2024-2025 Assessor Guidance.
pdf (opens in a new window) Briefing slides are available to download here. APPLICANT BRIEFING - Women in Innovation 24_25 . pdf (opens in a new window) If you are successful with this application, you will be asked to set up your project .
You must follow the unique link embedded in your email notification. This takes you to your Innovation Funding Service (IFS) Set Up portal, the tool that Innovate UK uses to gather necessary information before we can allow your project to begin .
You will need to provide: the name and contact details of your project manager and project finance lead a redacted copy of your bank details In order for us to process your claims, you must make sure you have a valid UK business bank account. It can take several weeks for a new account to be created if required. We recommend
Based on current listing details, eligibility includes: Women within UK registered micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Applicants should confirm final requirements in the official notice before submission.
Current published award information indicates £75,000 grant plus bespoke business support Always verify allowable costs, matching requirements, and funding caps directly in the sponsor documentation.
The current target date is rolling deadlines or periodic funding windows. Build your timeline backwards from this date to cover registrations, approvals, attachments, and final submission checks.
Federal grant success rates typically range from 10-30%, varying by agency and program. Build a strong proposal with clear objectives, measurable outcomes, and a well-justified budget to improve your chances.
Requirements vary by sponsor, but typically include a project narrative, budget justification, organizational capability statement, and key personnel CVs. Check the official notice for the complete list of required attachments.
Yes — AI tools like Granted can help research funders, draft proposal sections, and check compliance. However, always review and customize AI-generated content to reflect your organization's unique strengths and the specific requirements of the solicitation.
Review timelines vary by funder. Federal agencies typically take 3-6 months from submission to award notification. Foundation grants may be faster, often 1-3 months. Check the program's timeline in the official solicitation for specific dates.
Many federal programs offer multi-year funding or allow competitive renewals. Check the official solicitation for continuation and renewal policies. Non-competing continuation applications are common for multi-year awards.
Innovate UK's Sovereign AI Proof of Concept programme funds proof of concept demonstrators of AI technologies with state-of-the-art performance across five strategic themes: fundamental AI research, materials discovery, biosciences and health, defense and national security, and AI-aided chip/hardware design. Individual project grants range from £50,000 to £120,000 (approximately USD $63,500-$152,400) from a total allocation of at least £1.6 million. Projects must be 1-3 months in duration, starting by January 2026 and completing by March 2026. The programme supports feasibility studies and industrial research, with funding covering up to 70% of costs for micro/small businesses, 60% for medium, and 50% for large organizations. Literature review studies and projects unable to scale are excluded.
The Biomedical Catalyst – Industry-led R&D (Small Projects) is a grant from Innovate UK (part of UKRI) that funds the development of innovative solutions to health and healthcare challenges. The programme supports small-scale industry-led R&D projects and is open to both single applicants and collaborative teams. Eligible applicants are UK-registered micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). A total of up to £25 million is available across the competition, with applications closing on 10 December 2025. To lead or work alone on a project, organisations must hold UK SME status and register through the Innovation Funding Service.
Creative Arts Business Specific Grant (October) is a grant from WomensNet (Amber Grant Foundation) that funds women entrepreneurs running creative arts businesses. Each October, WomensNet awards a ,000 category-specific Amber Grant to a woman-owned creative arts business, recognizing the diversity of women-led enterprises. Monthly grant winners also become eligible for one of three ,000 year-end Amber Grants. Founded in 1998 to honor Amber Wigdahl, the program issues at least ,000 in grants monthly across several categories, including startup and business-specific grants. Eligible applicants are women entrepreneurs with a creative arts business who submit the standard Amber Grant application—one application provides eligibility for all applicable grants. No lengthy forms are required.
Economic Injury Disaster Loan (EIDL) program (Drought) is sponsored by U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA). The EIDL program provides low-interest federal disaster loans to small businesses and private nonprofit organizations in Missouri to offset economic losses caused by drought. These loans can be used to pay fixed debts, payroll, accounts payable, and other bills that could not be paid due to the disaster.