Notice of Special Interest (NOSI): Women's Health Research (NOT-OD-24-079) is sponsored by National Institutes of Health (NIH). This Notice of Funding Opportunity (NOFO) invites R01 applications on chronic conditions understudied among women and/or that disproportionately affect populations of women who are understudied, underrepresented, and underreported in biomedical research.

Research should align with Goal 1 of the 2019-2023 Trans-NIH Strategic Plan for Women's Health Research 'Advancing Science for the Health of Women.' Endometriosis diagnostics would fit within this broader scope.

Expired NOT-OD-24-079: Notice of Special Interest: Womens Health Research This notice has expired. Check the NIH Guide for active opportunities and notices. Notice of Special Interest: Women’s Health Research First Available Due Date: New Date September 9, 2025 (Prior Date February 6, 2023 - Notice of Special Interest (NOSI): Addressing Health Disparities Among Immigrant Populations Through Effective Interventions.

See Notice NOT-MD-23-003 February 6, 2023 - Notice of Special Interest (NOSI): Addressing the Etiology of Health Disparities and Health Advantages Among Immigrant Populations. See Notice NOT-MD-23-002 . October 6, 2020 - NIAMS Policy for Acceptance of Clinical Trial Applications and Participation in Parent R01 and R21(Clinical Trial Required) Announcements.

See Notice NOT-AR-21-009 October 8, 2019 - Consolidated Notice on NCCIH Clinical Trials Policies NOT-AT-20-001 April 16, 2019 - NHLBI Limitations on Clinical Trial Applications Submitted to the NIH Parent (R01 Clinical Trial Required) Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA).

See Notice NOT-HL-19-690 December 18, 2017 - Notice of NINDS Policy for Submission of Applications and Participation in PA-18-345 "NIH Research Project Grant (Parent R01) - Clinical Trial Required". NINDS Only accepts Clinical Trial Applications Proposing Mechanistic Studies for Clinical Trial Parent R01.

See Notice NOT-NS-18-011 Office of Research on Women's Health ( ORWH ) Office of AIDS Research ( OAR ) National Eye Institute ( NEI ) National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute ( NHLBI ) National Human Genome Research Institute ( NHGRI ) National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism ( NIAAA ) National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases ( NIAID ) National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases ( NIAMS ) National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering ( NIBIB ) Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development ( NICHD ) National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders ( NIDCD ) National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research ( NIDCR ) National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases ( NIDDK ) National Institute on Drug Abuse ( NIDA ) National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences ( NIEHS ) National Institute of General Medical Sciences ( NIGMS ) National Institute of Mental Health ( NIMH ) National Institute of Neurological Disorders and National Institute of Nursing Research ( NINR ) National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities ( NIMHD ) National Library of Medicine ( NLM ) Fogarty International Center ( FIC ) National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health ( NCCIH ) National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences ( NCATS ) National Cancer Institute ( NCI ) All applications to this funding opportunity announcement should fall within the mission of the Institutes/Centers.

The following NIH Offices may co-fund applications assigned to those Institutes/Centers.

Division of Program Coordination, Planning and Strategic Initiatives, Office of Disease Prevention ( ODP ) Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research ( OBSSR ) Office of Dietary Supplements ( ODS ) Office of Data Science Strategy ( ODSS ) The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is issuing this Notice of Special Interest to highlight interest in receiving research applications focused on diseases and health conditions that predominantly affect women (e.g., autoimmune diseases; depressive disorders, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Alzheimer’s disease-related dementias (ADRD), sex-based-violence), present and progress differently in women (e.g., cardiovascular disease; HIV; reproductive aging and its implications), or are female-specific (e.g., uterine fibroids; endometriosis; menopause).

For consideration under this NOSI, applications must have a central focus on the health of women, as demonstrated through specific aims that EITHER explicitly address a particular condition in women OR focus on one of the high priority topics below.

In either approach, intersectional and/or multidimensional approaches that consider the health of women in context (e.g., projects accounting for social and structural variables that affect women’s health) are strongly encouraged. For consideration under this NOSI, projects are not required to exclusively focus on women.

However, studies that include more than one sex should be designed and powered to make generalizable conclusions about women and enable sex difference comparison. High priority topics across NIH include but are not limited to: Projects that investigate the influence of sex-linked biology, sex-related factors, or their intersections on health.

Projects that investigate how physical, mental, and psychological health outcomes interact with structural factors to either mitigate or exacerbate health disparities, and aim to create behavioral interventions to address these issues.

Projects that advance the translation of research advancements and evidence in women’s health into practical benefits for patients and providers Projects to inform and develop multi-sector partnerships to advance innovation in women's health research Research to increase public awareness of the need for greater investment in and attention to women’s health research, as well as women’s health outcomes across the lifespan Projects that advance research to reduce health disparities affecting women’s health, including those related to race, ethnicity, age, socioeconomic status, disability, and exposure to environmental factors and contaminants that can directly affect health Dissemination and implementation research to increase uptake of evidence-based interventions that advance women’s health Projects addressing topics identified in the Women’s Health Innovation Opportunity Map Investigators must carefully review the specific research interests of NIH Institutes and Centers (ICs) that are participating in this NOSI.

Investigators proposing NIH-defined clinical trials are encouraged to visit the Research Methods Resources website for information about developing statistical methods and study designs. For more information about conducting group randomized trials (GRTs), please visit the Pragmatic and Group-Randomized Trials in Public Health and Medicine website.

The following Institutes/Centers only accept mechanistic studies that meet NIH's definition of a clinical trial . See Related Notices section below.

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute ( NHLBI ) National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases ( NIAMS ) National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke ( NINDS ) National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health ( NCCIH ) Note : Not all NIH Institutes and Centers (ICs) participate in Parent Announcements.

Applicants should carefully note which ICs participate in this announcement and view their respective areas of research interest at the R01 Clinical Trial Required IC-Specific Scientific Interests and Contact website . Applicants should also carefully note which ICs accept only mechanistic trials. ICs that do not participate in this announcement will not consider applications for funding.

IC Specific Application and Submission Information National Cancer Institute (NCI) Research to increase our understanding of sex differences in cancer, particularly those that occur in both women and men, including sex-stratified risks based on genomic analysis of sex chromosomes as appropriate Fundamental research on gynecologic cancers that are rare, have increasing incidence, and/or documented disparities (e.g. uterine serous carcinoma), including the development of models for these cancers if none currently exist Prevention, screening, and early detection research in women, including primary prevention research; research to increase education, awareness, and adherence associated with screening guidelines; and development of assays for the screening and early detection of cancers that currently lack effective screening tests (e.g. endometrial and ovarian cancers) Research to understand how comorbidities, informal caregiving support, or social determinants of health, impact cancer prevention, screening, development, progression, response to treatment, and survivorship in women Research to identify novel treatments for gynecological cancers that have limited treatment options and/or poor survival rates Research to increase our understanding of the influence of intersectionality (acknowledging that individuals have multiple, interconnected social identities [e.g., sex, race/ethnicity, class, age, sex, disability, etc.], and these identities intersect to shape their unique experiences and positions within society) in the context of prevention, screening, care, treatment, and survivorship of individuals with cancer Research to understand how the physiologic effects of menopause (including peri- and post-menopause) and subsequent treatment of menopause symptoms influence susceptibility to cancer risk National Eye Institute (NEI) Research aimed at understanding vision related disorders, whether inherited or acquired, that affect women disproportionately (such as Sjogren’s Disease and dry eye) Research to enhance understanding of sex-specific elements influencing the development of ocular diseases.

Research aimed to address persistent disparities in ocular health and diseases among women. Research on autoimmune diseases (such as autoimmune uveitis), including causes and therapeutic strategies, that disproportionately affect vision in women.

Research to identify complex interconnections among environmental factors, genetic predispositions, and socio-behavioral elements—such as stress, health disparities, and access to healthcare—and understanding how these elements collectively influence ocular health in women. Research on understanding the differences in the ocular microbiome based on sex.

Research on the impacts of menopause, the menopausal transition, and treatments related to menopause in ocular health and diseases (such as glaucoma, cataract, AMD, dry eye).

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Research that advances precision medicine of heart, lung, blood, and sleep (HLBS) prevention and treatment in women across the lifespan – applicants are encouraged to propose projects that use the existing multi-dimensional (e.g., clinical, omics, and imaging) data across several cohort/clinical studies in NHLBI’s Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program and NHLBI’s BioData Catalyst cloud-based ecosystem to further stimulate the development and use of systems biology approaches with artificial intelligence/machine learning- (AI/ML) based novel analytic tools to enhance predictive models, diagnostics, and clinical decision support.

Research on prevention and health promotion aspects of women’s HLBS health research, particularly projects related to healthy weight, nutrition including maintaining iron status and prevention of iron deficiency anemia, physical activity, blood pressure management, and sleep during the reproductive years and before entering pregnancy.

Research to better understand mechanisms and resilience to chronic debilitating HLBS diseases and multimorbidity in women. Studies exploring the influence or interaction of environmental factors (including psychosocial, socioeconomic, and sociocultural determinants of health) in development, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic HLBS disorders in women.

Community-engaged research that increases trust in science, addresses social determinants of health (SDoH), promotes HLBS health of women in underserved communities, and meaningfully, respectfully and appropriately engages community partners throughout the research process.

Development of technologies for remote, mobile or handheld monitoring of diseases that primarily affect women such as, high blood pressure, anemia, and high-risk pregnancy. Also, of interest is diagnostic technology that can provide earlier diagnosis for diseases primarily affecting women or that affect women differently such as heart failure or early diagnosis of preeclampsia.

Dissemination and Implementation (D&I) studies to identify, develop, and/or test strategies for overcoming barriers to the adoption, adaptation, integration, scale-up, and sustainability of evidence-based interventions, practices, programs, tools, treatments, guidelines, and policies.

D&I studies that engage communities to design and test multilevel strategies to overcome environmental, social, community, structural, and healthcare system factors that lead to or are associated with disparities for HLBS conditions that primarily or disproportionately impact women.

Research that promote effective interventions addressing traditional, female-specific, and female-predominate risk factors for CVD and to control hypertension in women, specifically young women of reproductive age and including those in the early stages of pregnancy in primary care settings.

Research that focuses on pulmonary diseases with higher prevalence in women or where the morbidity is greater in women and potentially understudied in women including, but not limited to: asthma, autoimmune diseases with pulmonary complications, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) or rare lung diseases Delineate behavioral, psychosocial, physiological and molecular/genetic mechanisms underlying sex differences in sleep and circadian regulation, health, resilience and deficiency/disorders across the lifespan.

Elucidate sleep and circadian based mechanisms contributing to the etiology and pathophysiology of heart, lung and blood diseases and conditions in women across the lifespan including adolescence, pregnancy and menopause. Identify phenotypic signatures and biomarkers specific to improving the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of sleep and circadian deficiency and condition in women across the lifespan.

Strategies includes but are not limited to leveraging data repositories (e.g., National Sleep Research Resource), big data, EHR, machine learning/AI, and other computational methodologies. Determine multilevel factors underlying disparities in women’s sleep health and sleep-related heart, lung and blood diseases.

Research on blood diseases and disorders such as Iron-Deficiency Anemia and Von Willebrand disease and hemophilia carriers who face unique bleeding risks due to menstruation and pregnancy and autoimmune blood disorders that more commonly affect women such as Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia, Thrombophilia, and Immune thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) Research on female specific aspects of sickle cell disease including reproductive health, menstruation health, and different clinical presentations and severity for women.

National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) Projects to enhance understanding of the genomic basis of female-specific conditions. Projects to enhance understanding of sex-specific drivers of disease. Projects to improving access to and utilization of prenatal screening and genetic testing among women in order to improve obstetric outcomes, especially in understudied groups.

National Institute on Aging (NIA) Basic and applied research on sex-specific aging processes, particularly studies that apply intersectional approaches. Research to prevent or forestall disease and disability and to extend healthy lifespan among older women. Especially sought is research taking a life-course approach to identify and mitigate or eliminate health disparities.

Research to address persistent disparities in women’s health, disease, and healthcare access and quality, especially for population groups that have been understudied in the biomedical and health science research.

Multidisciplinary mechanistic research on the impact of sex differences on the trajectories of aging and diseases in peripheral organs, individualized prevention, and responsiveness to pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions. Mechanistic research to benchmark results of preclinical studies (e.g., MoTrPAC) that demonstrated sex differences in the function of multiple organ systems, to human physiology in the context of aging.

Implementation science research to test potential approaches for promoting uptake of evidence-based practices among practitioners and among women themselves, including women from populations that have historically been understudied in health-related research.

Research on women’s reproductive aging, including the long-term effects of pregnancy and maternal morbidity on aging, and mechanistic/validation studies to better understand aging of the female reproductive system.

Research on the menopausal transition, particularly mechanistic studies of the biological underpinnings; identifying the earliest signs of the transition; understanding and addressing health impacts, including cognitive, affective, and psychosocial changes, associated with the transition; and developing and testing non-hormonal treatments for menopausal symptoms.

Research on female-specific etiologies, presentation, and treatment strategies for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Alzheimer’s disease-related dementias (ADRD), including the intersection of these conditions with other age-related health conditions to which older women are vulnerable. Research using computational and bioinformatics approaches for predictive modeling to understand AD/ADRD disease trajectories in women.

Research on women’s health issues related to caregiving in both formal and informal contexts.

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) Research focused on mental health, including alcohol and other substance use disorders Research on health issues that affect young women, including the etiology, prevention, and treatment of alcohol misuse, particularly since alcohol misuse among certain subpopulations of young women has increased and now exceeds their male counterparts for the first time, and because alcohol misuse increases young women’s risk for alcohol-related pathology compared to young men Research to understand the mechanisms through which common environmental factors influence resilience and disease among women across the lifespan (e.g., alcohol contributes to more than 200 diseases and injury-related conditions, including cancer) National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Research on autoimmune diseases, including causes, prevention, treatments, and curative strategies, that disproportionately affect women.

Research examining the immune system and its response to disease across the lifespan, including at critical timepoints such as puberty, pregnancy, perimenopause, and postmenopause. Projects to develop new or enhance existing prevention and treatment strategies and their implementation to address the disproportionate burden of STIs, HIV and reproductive tract infections in women.

National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) Research on the sex-specific pathophysiology of sex differences in arthritis, musculoskeletal, rheumatic and skin diseases, particularly those that affect women disproportionately such as autoimmune diseases Research on the mechanisms by which sex-specific factors such as sex hormones, sex-specific gene products (e.g., X and Y chromosome products), and other factors (e.g., pregnancy, environmental exposures) influence immune functions, including leveraging existing data sets, such as the Accelerating Medicines Partnership Research on prevention and management of osteoarthritis, particularly projects that leverage the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) to explore the cause of sex disparities in osteoarthritis Research on osteoporosis, especially projects to better understand bone loss, develop osteoporosis treatments, and reduce delays in diagnosis potentially through expanding the knowledge about the influence of genetics, socioeconomics, and other factors on the condition.

NIAMS has a special interest in arthritis, musculoskeletal, rheumatic and skin disease research that includes women from NIH-designated health disparities populations and specific populations that have been historically underrepresented in biomedical research National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) Innovative technologies and methods for gynecologic health and disease, maternal health, and the sex-dependent effects of aging and diseases critical to women’s health.

These may include, but are not limited to, research and development on: Engineered biology approaches using synthetic biology, biomaterials, and microphysiologic systems Point of care devices, wearable/implantable sensors, and digital health platforms Biomedical imaging technologies, interventional devices, and computational models/methods Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Understand the fundamental biology of female anatomy, physiology, genetics, and hormones.

The incidence, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of gynecologic disorders including uterine fibroids, endometriosis, adenomyosis, benign ovarian cysts, abnormal uterine bleeding, reproductive tract abnormalities, female pelvic floor disorders, and gynecologic pain. Maternal morbidity and mortality, including pregnancy as a stress test for later health issues (e.g., hypertension, heart failure, diabetes).

The role of autoimmune conditions in pregnancy and maternal health. Research to address the health impacts of violence against women and girls, particularly survivors from marginalized and underserved communities. Understudied secondary health conditions experienced by women with physical disabilities.

Projects that study the basis for sex differences in bone mass and strength evident in childhood and adolescence. Studies that aim to identify the genetic factors along with the molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for the acquisition of bone from birth through adolescence in girls. Identifying approaches to prevent, treat, and reverse bone loss associated with delayed puberty or hypogonadism in adolescent girls.

Contraception and family planning. Research on conditions diagnosed in childhood with a predilection for young girls such as Rett Syndrome and Turner Syndrome. Studies to understand biological, psychosocial, and environmental factors that impact menarche (including early onset) and menstrual health.

Studies of how menstruation and the menstrual cycle can affect, or be affected by, vaccination or medical therapies. The development of novel and effective pharmacotherapeutic strategies to improve clinical outcomes for women and mothers. Studies of fertility status as a biomarker for women’s overall health.

National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) Expanding the understanding of sex differences impacting hearing loss, balance disorders, taste and smell abnormalities, voice disorders, speech, and language disorders. The prevalence, incidence, and natural history of hearing loss, balance disorders, taste and smell abnormalities, voice disorders, speech disorders, and language disorders in women.

The physiological and psychological factors that contribute to the development or progression of communication disorders in women. The impact of communication disorders on women’s overall health and well-being. Improving the understanding of inherited or acquired hearing, balance, taste, smell, voice, speech, and language disorders that affect women disproportionately to inform treatments.

The development and evaluation of interventions or treatment strategies, including pharmacological, behavioral, social, surgical and technology-driven approaches, for preventing, mitigating, or treating conditions impacting women in NIDCD mission areas.

National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) Research to identify potential sex differences in dental, oral, and craniofacial diseases/conditions, especially those that contribute to susceptibility and disparate treatment outcomes for women Research on the prenatal environmental and physical stressors experienced by women during pregnancy that affect their child's dental, oral, and craniofacial tissues through altered maternal physiology Research on salivary disorders, Sjögren’s disease, and other oral manifestations of autoimmune/rheumatologic conditions Research on temporomandibular muscular and joint disorders (TMD) and other acute and chronic dental and orofacial pain conditions Oral health disparities in women across lifespan, including pregnant women and menopausal women.

Oral health measures and data science approaches that focus on dental, oral, and craniofacial outcomes to understand multi-morbidities and whole person health of women. Impact of innate (hormonal) and social factors (violence, trauma) on oral and craniofacial structures. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) NIDDK encourages research on sex and race/ethnic disparities.

Examples of research areas within the mission of NIDDK include: Benign urologic and hematologic conditions and disorders Acute and chronic kidney disorders Chronic conditions of the digestive system with significant sex disparities Autoimmune liver diseases and liver diseases of pregnancy Research on disorders of gut brain interaction (e.g., irritable bowel syndrome) Research focused on better understanding the natural history of dysglycemia and obesity in pregnancy and the postnatal long-term metabolic effects of dysglycemia and obesity in pregnancy on both mother (such as the progression to type 2 diabetes) and offspring (metabolic imprinting and programming) Research on how sex differences contribute to physiology and pathophysiology of organ systems of interest to NIDDK Sex differences in diabetes and obesity treatment outcomes Sex in diabetes, obesity, and associated organ complications relevant to the mission of NIDDK Sex-linked factors on HIV-associated organ complications relevant to the mission of NIDDK National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Research to identify biological and social determinants and biomarkers that would predict risk of depression, substance use disorder, and overdose during pregnancy/postpartum period to prevent mortality.

Research that examines the physiological effects of cannabis use during pregnancy on the central nervous system and peripheral systems of the pregnant women as well as its influence on the progression of pregnancy.

Research that identifies phenotypic differences between males and females that use commonly misused substances, laying the groundwork for investigating the biological mechanisms behind these differences to inform prevention and treatment approaches. Research to understand sex differences in the effects of drugs, including cannabis, on immune function.

Research that examines sex differences in the neurobiological and behavioral aspects of substance use disorder. Research to develop and test interventions for engaging women who use drugs in HIV prevention care. Research to develop and test interventions aimed at delaying or preventing a return to substance use in the postpartum period among individuals who refrained from substance use during pregnancy.

Research that addresses relevant service needs and implications of polysubstance use (e.g., stimulants, cannabis, alcohol) among pregnant/postpartum individuals with substance use disorder.

Research that tests novel and efficient service delivery models for substance use disorder and comorbid conditions with high prevalence (e.g., HIV/HCV, PTSD, trauma history, chronic stress, chronic pain) among women who use or misuse drugs, or are diagnosed with substance use disorder.

Research that tests innovative models of service delivery to address maternal and family needs for individuals experiencing substance use disorder during pregnancy and in the postpartum period, with an emphasis on reducing mortality and providing recovery-oriented, family-centered care.

Research that seeks to understand changes and variations in state and local policy environment that may affect access, utilization and retention in substance use treatment and related services for pregnant, postpartum, and parenting individuals with substance use disorder. Research that develops and tests models that address and overcome barriers specific to women in accessing healthcare.

Research to identify risk/resiliency factors to substance use and mental health disorders unique to girls and young women using existing datasets (including data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study). Research on the role of puberty in brain and neurocognitive development using existing datasets (including data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study).

Key elements applicants should consider when proposing services research include: multi-disciplinary teams, including meaningful engagement of relevant practitioners and community stakeholders in study conceptualization, design, execution, and interpretation; potential scalability and sustainability of the proposed intervention; and the role of health disparities and their relevance to the phenomena, populations, settings, interventions, or services being studied.

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Research on the role of environmental factors in fertility declines, Research to identify how environmental factors are combining with genetic and socio-behavioral factors including stress, health disparities, and access to healthcare to affect fertility and reproductive success Research focused on chronic women’s health conditions including uterine fibroids, PCOS, and those related to menstruation and menopause that cause suffering and economic loss to millions of women and disparately impact women of different racial populations Research to investigate the impacts on human development of environmental exposures including PFAS, phthalates and other endocrine disruptors, air pollution, and others during the prenatal and preconception periods should be prioritized.

Research on autoimmune disease and projects attending to the disproportionate effects on racial and ethnic minority populations Research on impacts of dietary/nutrition factors on women’s health Research on the impact of climate on diet/nutrition, for example, by reducing the nutritional quality of foods, presenting challenges to food security and quality in extreme weather events, and affecting food costs and availability, all of which create health risks for women, including developing girls and pregnant women.

National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) Research in the NIGMS mission areas ( https://nigms. nih. gov/about-nigms/who-we-are/overview ) aimed at elucidating the basis of sex differences including in relevant research organisms.

National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Research on underlying mechanisms, including biological, environmental, behavioral, cognitive, and psychosocial mechanisms, associated with risk and resilience for mental illnesses that disproportionately affect women with respect to onset, reoccurrence, morbidity, and mortality (including suicide).

Research on the prevention and treatment of mental illnesses and the access, quality, utilization, and implementation of evidence-based mental health services for women and girls. Research examining sex differences and sex-specific influences on mental illnesses in women during different stages of life (e.g., puberty, adolescence, pregnancy and postpartum, menopause and later life).

Research addressing the social determinants of women’s mental health, with an emphasis on elucidating ways to eliminate mental health disparities that disproportionately impact women from racial and ethnic minority communities.

Research that uses an intersectional, data-driven approach to improve HIV prevention and treatment outcomes in women, including interventions and implementation strategies for addressing mental health, trauma and violence, stigma, and other social and structural determinants of health.

Research that uses data science approaches to identify sex-specific differences in clinical, behavioral, and cognitive phenotypes to advance clinical decision-making in HIV. National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD) Research focused on reducing racial and ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in maternal morbidity and mortality, especially in postpartum care.

Prevention of new HIV infections among women and optimal treatment for women living with HIV who are from racial/ethnic minority populations or from lower socioeconomic status groups.

Research to understand the well-being and social function, clinical care, psychosocial-biological interactions, social determinants of health, and epigenetics/epigenomics links to the health of women and girls from populations that experience health disparities, at different stages of life beyond maternal, perinatal/peripartum, and postpartum care.

Studies that examine, develop, test and/or evaluate healthcare models focused on the health of women at different stages of life beyond reproductive, pregnancy and postpartum care. Studies that develop, test and/or evaluate healthcare-based and/or community-engaged research interventions focused on reducing health/healthcare disparities and attaining optimal health outcomes in women with multiple chronic conditions.

Research that explores mechanisms or mediating factors of healthy aging among women from populations that experience health disparities. Research that explores longevity experienced by women from some populations that experience health disparities and its implications on prevention and healthcare guidelines, and maintaining independence and dignity.

Studies that develop, test and/or evaluate care coordination strategies for older women from populations that experience health disparities. These could address: challenges or breakdowns in care, multiple care transitions, care team functioning, and care setting infrastructure.

Effect of healthcare and public policies on timely access, utilization, care coordination and attainment of recommended care experienced by postmenopausal and older women, especially across different regions (e.g., rural compared to urban settings, U.S. territories compared to the U.S. mainland) Studies that explore effectiveness of existing protocols to detect/report neglect, mistreatment or abuse of older women and their effect on healthcare disparities and wellbeing.

Studies that explore effectiveness of existing healthcare settings protocols to detect/report mistreatment, abuse or violence against women of all ages from populations that experience health disparities, and especially those who are not born in the U.S. or whose primary language is not English, and their effect on health outcomes.

Studies that examine healthcare systems and clinical and community infrastructures and services influencing health outcomes and health disparities in women living with disabilities. Developing, testing and/or evaluating interventions in the health care settings that mitigate discrimination, prejudices, and stereotypes against older women.

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Research on neurological conditions that have specific health implications for women (e.g., epilepsy and stroke risk during and after pregnancy, recovery after spinal cord and traumatic brain injury), or disproportionately affect women (e.g., migraine, chronic pain, multiple sclerosis, myalgic encephalopathy/chronic fatigue syndrome, post-acute sequelae of COVD-19, stroke, and dementia).

Projects to enhance understanding of neurological health disparities in women among NIH-designated populations that experience health disparities as well as intersectionality with other NIH-designated HDPs.

Projects that identify and measure specific modifiable social determinants of health that contribute to neurological health disparities affecting women among NIH-designated HDPs National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) Research to address the impact of social determinants of health and health-related social needs on women’s health Research to advance maternal health by addressing social determinants of health in communities and health-related social needs at the individual or family level Research to develop, test, and implement community interventions to prevent and reduce health impacts of violence against women Research to understand the impacts of policies, laws, regulations, programs, and practices among health disparity populations of women Studies that identify protective factors at multiple levels (e.g., individual, interpersonal, institutional, community, societal) that influence women’s health outcomes Research to understand and improve the health of women, addressing experiences shaped by the intersection of other social statuses (e.g., race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, or ability) Implementation research to advance the scale, spread, and effectiveness of evidence-based practices/services to advance women's health National Library of Medicine (NLM) Research aimed at developing and validating artificial intelligence algorithms trained on large-scale health data to detect early signs of sex-specific health conditions, facilitating timely interventions to improve prognosis and survival rates of diseases that disproportionately affect women.

Research that employs machine learning and