Africa Environmental Health and Pollution Management Program (EHPMP) - Grants for Solid/E-Waste Management Projects in Zambia

Africa Environmental Health and Pollution Management Program (EHPMP) - Grants for Solid/E-Waste Management Projects in Zambia is sponsored by Zambia Environmental Management Agency (ZEMA) / World Bank (Global Environment Facility). This grant scheme supports investment in integrated waste management activities to reduce releases of unintentionally produced Persistent Organic Pollutants (uPOPs) from solid waste and/or e-waste management in Zambia.

IN THE AMOUNT OF US$37. 89 MILLION REPUBLIC OF KENYA, REPUBLIC OF GHANA, REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA, UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA, REPUBLIC OF SENEGAL Environment, Natural Resources and Blue Economy Global Practice This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization.

(Exchange Rates Effective April 30, 2020) Senegal Currency Unit = CFA Francs (CFAF) Ghana Currency Unit = Ghanaian Cedi (GHS) Kenya Currency Unit = Kenyan Shilling (KES) Tanzania Currency Unit = Tanzanian Shilling (TZS) Zambia Currency Unit = Zambian Kwacha (ZMW) Regional Vice President: Hafez M. H. Ghanem Country Director: Deborah L.

Wetzel Regional Directors: Simeon K. Ehui, Ede Jorge Ijjasz-Vasquez Practice Managers: Maria Sarraf, Iain G.

Shuker Task Team Leaders: Abdelaziz Lagnaoui and Ruxandra Maria Floroiu AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ASA Advisory Services and Analytics ASGM Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining BAT Best Available Technologies BEP Best Environmental Practices CASM Community Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining CFSK Computers for Schools Kenya ChemObs Integrated Health and Environment Observatories and Legal and Institutional Strengthening for the Sound Management of Chemicals in Africa COMESA Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa COP Conference of Parties CPF Country Partnership Framework CSO Civil Society Organization DALY Disability-Adjusted Life Year DDT Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane DEEC Direction de l’Environnement et des Etablissements Classés ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States EEE Electrical & Electronic Equipment EGPS Extractives Global Programmatic Support EHPMP Environmental Health and Pollution Management Program EITI Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative EPA Environmental Protection Agency EPP Environmental Protection Plan ERR Economic Rate of Return ESCP Environmental and Social Commitment Plan ESF Environmental and Social Framework ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plans ESRS Environmental and Social Review Summary ESS Environmental and Social Standard GCLA Government Chemist Laboratory Authority GEF Global Environmental Facility GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GLRSSMP Ghana Landscape Restoration and Small-Scale Mining Project gTEQ grams of toxic equivalent ICB International Competitive Bidding ICT Information and Communication Technologies IDA International Development Association IFC International Finance Corporation IPF Investment Project Financing KfW Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau (Credit Institute for Reconstruction) KUSP Kenya Urban Support Program MEF Ministry of Environment and Forests MPA Multiphase Programmatic Approach MRO Mines Resident Offices MSW Municipal Solid Waste NCB National Competitive Bidding NEMA National Environmental Management Authority NEMC National Environment Management Council NGO Non-governmental Organization NIP National Implementation Plan NRDC Natural Resources Defense Council NSWMS National Solid Waste Management Strategy NUDP National Urban Development Policy ODS Ozone-depleting Substance OECD Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development PACE Partnership for Action on Computing Equipment PBDEs Polybrominated diphenyl ethers PCB Polychlorinated Biphenyl PCU Project Coordination Unit PDO Project Development Objective PIM Project Implementation Manual PMEH Pollution Management and Environmental Health POPs Persistent Organic Pollutants PPSD Project Procurement Strategy Documents PSC Program Steering Committee REC Regional Economic Community RMO Resident Mines Offices RPF Resettlement Policy Framework SADC Southern African Development Community SAICM Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management SCD Strategic Country Diagnostic SDC Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SDR Special Drawing Rights SEDCO Small Enterprise Development Corporation SEF Stakeholder Engagement Framework SEP Stakeholder Engagement Plan SOE Statement Of Expenditure SORT Systematic Operations Risk-Rating Tool UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization UNITAR United Nations Institute for Training and Research UNU United Nations University UPOPS Unintentional Persistent Organic Pollutants WAEMU West African Economic and Monetary Union WHO World Health Organization ZEMA Zambia Environmental Management Agency ZMERIP Zambia Mining and Environmental Remediation and Improvement Project Africa Environmental Health and Pollution Management Program (P167788) DATASHEET ...........................................................................................................................

1 I. STRATEGIC CONTEXT ...................................................................................................... 7 A.

Regional Context .............................................................................................................................. 7 B. Sectoral and Institutional Context ....................................................................................................

8 C. Relevance to Higher Level Objectives............................................................................................... 9 II.

PROJECT DESCRIPTION.................................................................................................. 11 A. Project Development Objective .....................................................................................................

11 B. Project Components ....................................................................................................................... 12 C.

Project Beneficiaries ....................................................................................................................... 16 D. Results Chain ..................................................................................................................................

17 E. Rationale for Bank Involvement and Role of Partners ................................................................... 18 F.

Lessons Learned and Reflected in the Project Design .................................................................... 19 III. IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS ............................................................................

20 A. Institutional and Implementation Arrangements .......................................................................... 20 B.

Results Monitoring and Evaluation Arrangements......................................................................... 21 C. Sustainability...................................................................................................................................

21 IV. PROJECT APPRAISAL SUMMARY ................................................................................... 22 A.

Technical, Economic and Financial Analysis ................................................................................... 22 B. Fiduciary..........................................................................................................................................

23 C. Legal Operational Policies ............................................................................................................... 24 D.

Environmental and Social ............................................................................................................... 24 V. GRIEVANCE REDRESS SERVICES .....................................................................................

26 VI. KEY RISKS ..................................................................................................................... 26 VII.

RESULTS FRAMEWORK AND MONITORING ................................................................... 28 ANNEX 1: IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS AND SUPPORT PLAN ............................. 44 ANNEX 2: IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS PER COUNTRY .....................................

51 ANNEX 3: DETAILED PROJECT DESCRIPTION BY COUNTRY .............................................. 81 ANNEX 4: MONITORING AND EVALUATION ................................................................ 108 ANNEX 5: ESTIMATED BUDGET AND ANNUAL PROJECTIONS BY COMPONENTS............

110 ANNEX 6: ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ..................................................................................

112 Africa Environmental Health and Pollution Management Program (P167788) Country(ies) Project Name Africa Environmental Health and Pollution Management Program Project ID Financing Instrument Environmental and Social Risk Classification Persistent Organic Pollutants Financing & Implementation Modalities [ ] Multiphase Programmatic Approach (MPA) [ ] Contingent Emergency Response Component (CERC) [ ] Series of Projects (SOP) [ ] Fragile State(s) [ ] Performance-Based Conditions (PBCs) [ ] Small State(s) [ ] Financial Intermediaries (FI) [ ] Fragile within a non-fragile Country [ ] Project-Based Guarantee [ ] Conflict [ ] Deferred Drawdown [ ] Responding to Natural or Man-made Disaster [ ] Alternate Procurement Arrangements (APA) [ ] Hands-on Enhanced Implementation Support (HEIS) Expected Approval Date Expected Closing Date Proposed Development Objective(s) To reduce exposure to mercury and uPOPs pollution at pilot sites and strengthen the institutional capacity to manage and regulate mercury use in artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASGM) and e-waste in selected countries in Africa Africa Environmental Health and Pollution Management Program (P167788) Component Name Cost (US$, millions) Institutional Strengthening, Knowledge and Capacity Building 8.

00 Policy Dialogue and Regulatory Enhancements 8. 68 Demonstrating Application of Technological Tools and Economic Approaches 19. 36 Program Implementation and Coordination 1.

85 Borrower: Republic of Kenya United Republic of Tanzania Implementing Agency: The National Environmental Management Council (NEMC) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Environmental Management Authority (Ministry of Environment and Zambia Environmental Management Agency Direction de l’Environnement et des Etablissements Classés - DEEC PROJECT FINANCING DATA (US$, Millions) Non-World Bank Group Financing Global Environment Facility (GEF) 37.

89 Africa Environmental Health and Pollution Management Program (P167788) Expected Disbursements (in US$, Millions) WB Fiscal Year 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Annual 7. 00 10. 00 10.

00 7. 00 3. 00 0.

89 Cumulative 7. 00 17. 00 27.

00 34. 00 37. 00 37.

89 Practice Area (Lead) Contributing Practice Areas Environment, Natural Resources & the Blue SYSTEMATIC OPERATIONS RISK-RATING TOOL (SORT) 1. Political and Governance ⚫ Substantial 2. Macroeconomic ⚫ Moderate 3.

Sector Strategies and Policies ⚫ Substantial 4. Technical Design of Project or Program ⚫ Substantial 5. Institutional Capacity for Implementation and Sustainability ⚫ Substantial 6.

Fiduciary ⚫ Substantial 7. Environment and Social ⚫ Substantial 8. Stakeholders ⚫ Substantial 10.

Overall ⚫ Substantial Africa Environmental Health and Pollution Management Program (P167788) Does the project depart from the CPF in content or in other significant respects? Does the project require any waivers of Bank policies?

Environmental and Social Standards Relevance Given its Context at the Time of Appraisal E & S Standards Relevance Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts Relevant Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure Relevant Labor and Working Conditions Relevant Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention and Management Relevant Community Health and Safety Relevant Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement Not Currently Relevant Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Not Currently Relevant Indigenous Peoples/Sub-Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Not Currently Relevant Cultural Heritage Not Currently Relevant Financial Intermediaries Not Currently Relevant NOTE: For further information regarding the World Bank’s due diligence assessment of the Project’s potential environmental and social risks and impacts, please refer to the Project’s Appraisal Environmental and Social Africa Environmental Health and Pollution Management Program (P167788) KENYA: Grant Agreement - Schedule 2, Section I.

B. 1. Not later than sixty (60) days after the Effective Date the Recipient shall prepare, a Project implementation manual in form and substance satisfactory to the Bank.

KENYA: Grant Agreement - Schedule 2, Section I. D. 1.

The Recipient shall prepare and furnish to the Bank not later than October 31st of each Fiscal Year during the implementation of the Project (beginning in calendar year 2020), a TANZANIA: Grant Agreement - Schedule 2, Section I. B. 1.

Not later than two months after Effective Date the Recipient shall prepare, a Project implementation manual in form and substance satisfactory to the Bank. TANZANIA: Grant Agreement - Schedule 2, Section I. D.

1. The Recipient shall prepare and furnish to the Bank not later than June 1st of each Fiscal Year during the implementation of the Project (beginning in calendar year 2021), a ZAMBIA: Grant Agreement - Schedule 2, Section I. D.

1. The Recipient shall prepare and furnish to the Bank not later than November 1st of each Fiscal Year during the implementation of the Project (beginning in calendar year 2021), GHANA: Grant Agreement - Schedule 2, Section I. B.

1. No later than three (3) months after Effective Date the Recipient shall prepare a Project implementation manual in form and substance satisfactory to the Bank. GHANA: Grant Agreement - Schedule 2, Section I.

D. 1. The Recipient shall prepare and furnish to the Bank not later than November 1st of each Fiscal Year during the implementation of the Project (beginning in calendar year 2020), SENEGAL: Grant Agreement - Schedule 2, Section I.

B. 1. Not later than four (4) months after the Effective Date, the Recipient shall prepare, a Project implementation manual in form and substance satisfactory to the Bank.

SENEGAL: Grant Agreement - Schedule 2, Section I. D. 1.

The Recipient shall prepare and furnish to the Bank not later than November 1st of each Fiscal Year during the implementation of the Project (beginning in calendar year 2020), a work plan and budget.

Africa Environmental Health and Pollution Management Program (P167788) SENEGAL: The Recipient shall recruit, no later than four (4) months after the Effective Date, or a date later agreed upon in writing with the Bank, an accountant, with terms of reference satisfactory to the Bank. Africa Environmental Health and Pollution Management Program (P167788) 1.

Africa’s economy is growing rapidly, however its industry is heavily dependent on imports of chemicals. Africa’s economic growth stabilized at 3. 4 in 2019 and was forecast to rise to 4.

1 percent in 20201. Due to the formidable challenges associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, economic growth is expected to contract to between -2. 1 and -5.

1% in 20202. The industrial sector is progressively gaining ground and represents 4 to 32 percent of the national Gross Domestic Products (GDPs) in most African countries3. But many countries import chemicals for industrial, domestic, and agricultural uses.

As a result, the region has witnessed a significant increase in the trade of hazardous materials, with serious impacts on environment and health. Among the most critical pollution management issues in Sub-Saharan Africa are those related to mercury use in the artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) sector, and management of electronic waste (e-waste). 2.

An estimated two to three million people in Africa are at risk of exposure to toxic chemicals from ASGM4. Rising international gold prices have made ASGM an attractive employment alternative for struggling farmers, poor rural communities, and migrant laborers. Ghana and Tanzania each have ASGM workforces estimated at more than 1 million people5.

However, ASGM has been consistently listed as a major source of water and soil pollution. Serious health concerns associated with heavy metal poisoning from metals such as cadmium and mercury are disproportionally affecting poor and vulnerable people. It is estimated that gold production from small-scale mining accounts for about 38 percent of total mercury emissions on the continent6.

A mercury trade diagnostic study conducted by the Environment, Natural Resources and Blue Economy Global Practice estimated that 90 to 95 percent of mercury used is smuggled from neighboring nations7. However, there is limited data and knowledge about the amount of mercury used or the extent of mercury contamination and its health, environmental, and 3.

The global generation of e-waste reached an estimated 50 million tons in 2018, with about 80 percent being shipped to developing countries in Asia and Africa. 8 A study commissioned by the World Bank9 indicates that Ghana, Kenya, and Nigeria have the highest levels of e-waste in the region due to their growing involvement in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) imports, recycling, and refurbishing.

Countries such as Senegal and Uganda can expect e-waste flows from computers alone to increase four to eight-fold by 202010. Improper recycling and disposal of heavy metals associated with the burning of e-waste is particularly acute in Africa, where environmental monitoring and regulatory enforcement are relatively weak.

The mismanagement of chemicals, releases of unintentionally produced Persistent Organic Pollutants (uPOPs) 11 from open-burning and other 1 AfDB: African Economic Outlook 2018. The World Bank Group: Africa’s Pulse, Volume 21, 2020 3 AfDB: African Economic Outlook 2018 4 UNIDO 2018: Curbing Illicit mercury and gold flows in West Africa and UNEP’s Global Mercury Assessment of 2018.

5 Minamata Convention: Initial Assessment Reports for Tanzania (2017) and for Ghana (2018) 6 UNEP Global Mercury Assessment, 2018. 7 The World Bank Report on Mercury Trade and Use in Artisanal and Small-scale Mining in Sub-Saharan Africa (2016) 8 UNU Global E-waste Monitor 2017. 9 The World Bank 2014: Green ICT: Sustainable E-waste Management in Sub-Saharan Africa.

10 Lindgren K. The global impact of e-waste: addressing the challenge / Karin Lundgren; International Labour Office, Programme on Safety and Health at Work and the Environment (SafeWork), Sectoral Activities Department (SECTOR). – Geneva: ILO, 2012.

11 uPOPS are persistent organic pollutants that are formed and released unintentionally from anthropogenic sources and include the following chemicals: Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF), Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), and Pentachlorobenzene (PeCB). See Stockholm Convention Annex Parts I-III for details.

Africa Environmental Health and Pollution Management Program (P167788) sources present serious threats to human health in many parts of Africa. B. Sectoral and Institutional Context 4.

Mercury use in the ASGM sector and management of e-waste are among the most critical pollution management issues in Sub-Saharan Africa. Mercury is used as an amalgamation agent in the ASGM operations. The informal, illegal, and unregulated nature of mercury use in such operations creates a legacy of severe adverse and irreversible environmental and health damage.

Mercury contamination could have serious economic consequences to the lucrative local and regional fisheries, due to the potential health risks associated with its bioaccumulation in the food chains12. In addition, over the past 20 years, the ICT market has grown exponentially and is estimated to generate the fastest growing waste stream in the world, at 20-50 million tons per year.

E- waste is shipped, often illegally, to developing countries for recycling. It is a valuable commodity with more than 92 percent recoverable and reusable materials ranging from precious metals (i.e. gold, silver, copper, platinum, and palladium) to recyclable metals and plastics, with a potential value of €55 billion13.

However, it is expensive to treat it in an environmentally sound manner, and many developing countries lack the specific regulations and adequate infrastructure and technologies to implement ‘win-win’ solutions to this growing challenge. As a result, the quantities of e-waste accumulating in Sub-Saharan countries have been increasing exponentially in recent years.

It is critical to address the policy environment for both mercury and e-waste management, improve knowledge on the economic and health impact of pollution, and facilitate access to cleaner technologies in the 5. The institutional and policy environment dealing with mercury and e-waste is weak at the national level.

Institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa lack effective regulations and enforcement, users lack adequate management strategies and technologies, and the public has limited information on environmental-health risks. Except for a few countries, like Ghana, there are no policies in place to manage mercury and e-waste related pollution.

At the national level, specific factors that undermine efforts to address human health risks include: illegal trade, informal recycling of e-waste, inadequate infrastructure for proper treatment and disposal of hazardous waste, weak institutions, lack of monitoring and awareness of health risks, and weak coordination and shared objectives among key stakeholders on addressing harmful impacts from chemicals. 6.

Multiple and fragmented approaches to address specific chemicals have not yielded the expected results. Many programs have been implemented in the region by various development agencies, funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and bilateral donors.

However, although the coverage of GEF POPs activities is broad, most programs have been site-specific and uncoordinated, generating only minimal improvement of environmental health and pollution impacts.

Overall, experience has shown that isolated policy and regulatory interventions in one country may not necessarily produce significant results, but rather, run the risk of shifting the problem toward other countries with weak regulations and enforcement. 7. Effective regulations combined with incentives would help governments deliver on commitments under key international agreements.

Extensive consultations with African governments and partners indicate that there is a common understanding and demand for a more harmonized approach towards reducing environmental and health risks resulting from mercury and POPs emissions from wastes.

Emerging recommendations from analytical studies support a need to harmonize efforts and to understand institutional capacity constraints and their economic, environmental, and social implications at the national and regional levels. Sub-Saharan African 12 UNEP’s Global Mercury Assessment of 2018. 13 UNU Global E-waste Monitor 2017.

Africa Environmental Health and Pollution Management Program (P167788) countries are at various stages of putting in place relevant policies and environmental legislation to support implementation of their commitments under the international conventions, including multiple initiatives under the framework of Multilateral Environment Conventions, particularly the Minamata, Stockholm, and Basel 8.

Reducing the health risks caused by exposure to mercury and e-waste is high priority for Sub-Saharan countries. The proposed project responds to this priority in Ghana, Kenya, Senegal, Tanzania and Zambia. The choice of countries was based on client demand and ownership, strength of baseline activities, and National Implementation Plan (NIP) readiness.

The next phase will consider scaling up the project’s activities to additional countries as they meet readiness requirements. Countries in the pipeline are Burkina Faso, Mauritania, Malawi, Mali, Niger and for ASGM, and Benin and Togo for e-waste. 9.

The transboundary nature of mercury and uPOPs emissions, and the regional opportunities for solutions call for a regional project approach. The World Bank responded to requests from interested countries to leverage its convening power at the highest levels of national governments to help accelerate action toward addressing commitments under the relevant conventions.

The preparatory studies carried out through the GEF-funded MSP15 and under the World Bank’s Pollution Management and Environmental Health (PMEH) Program emphasized the need for a regional approach to address these issues. The studies on mercury and e-waste trade revealed that there is a major illegal trade across African countries.

Unless there are regionally harmonized policies on mercury and e-waste trade and their respective uses, country-level interventions may not have the desired outcomes.

The project will leverage existing regional entities, including the Regional Economic Communities (REC) such as the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), and the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) to support regional harmonization, thereby strengthening national and regional systems to enforce regulations and manage illegal trade flows.

In addition, it will work closely with local communities and community-based organizations, who will benefit from opportunities for income generation and green jobs. C. Relevance to Higher Level Objectives 10.

The proposed Environmental Health and Pollution Management Program (EHPMP) is aligned with the World Bank Group’s (WBG’s) twin goals of ending extreme poverty and promoting shared prosperity.

This project follows the WBG’s Regional Integration Assistance Strategy FY18-FY23, specifically Strategic Priority 4 “Promote Collective Action to Address Regional Economic Contagion, Fragility, Epidemic and Climate ‘Hot Spots’” aiming to build regional collaboration and knowledge sharing to address common problems such as waste management and pollution and to share good practices and support capacity building and strengthen civic engagement.

It is also aligned with the World Bank’s Africa Strategy (FY19-23), supporting Pillars 1 and 2, related to competitiveness and employment, vulnerability and resilience, and governance and public-sector capacity.

EHPMP will promote sustainable inclusive growth by improving access to environmental services through knowledge sharing and capacity building; will strengthen human capital by improving health of vulnerable populations, especially women and children; and will complement other regional initiatives and individual projects, focusing on competitiveness, sustainability and governance.

Moreover, by providing opportunities for women to increase benefits from 14 The Minamata Convention is a global treaty on mercury (adopted in 2013, entered into force in 2017); The Stockholm Convention is a global treaty on Persistent Organic Pollutants (adopted in 2001, entered into force in 2004) and the Basel Convention is a global treaty on the control of transboundary movements of hazardous wastes and their disposal (adopted in 1989 , entered into force in 1992).

15 Reducing Environmental Health Impact of Harmful Chemicals in Africa Region (https://www. thegef. org/gef/project_detail?

projID=5583). Africa Environmental Health and Pollution Management Program (P167788) participation in the ASGM and e-waste sectors, the project is consistent with the World Bank Group Gender Strategy (FY16-23), and the GEF Policy on Gender Equality (2017). 11.

This project will be nested in the Pollution Management and Circular Economy business line of the Environment, Natural Resources and Blue Economy World Bank Global Practice.

As such the project will play a key part in the Environmental Health and Pollution Management Global Solutions Group (GSG) to build upon and enhance the collective expertise of its members through learning, knowledge sharing, and building partnerships to provide comprehensive and effective solutions to our clients in their efforts to reduce pollution and improve health.

Between FY04 and FY19, the Bank financed pollution management interventions valued at more than US$47 billion. Pollution Management offers no-regrets options that can alleviate poverty boost shared prosperity and address the vital demands of millions of people for healthier and more productive lives.

In addition, pollution management can enhance competitiveness through job creation, better energy efficiency, improved transport, and sustainable urban and rural development. Pollution management can also make substantial contributions to climate change mitigation through actions, such as reduction of black carbon emissions, which contribute to both air pollution and global warming. 12.

The EHPMP will contribute to the GEF 6 Chemicals and Waste Focal Area Strategy that aims “to prevent the exposure of humans and the environment to harmful chemicals and waste of global importance including POPs, mercury and ozone depleting substances.

” The EHPMP is directly informed by the Stockholm Convention on POPs 16 and the Minamata Convention on Mercury 17 , as well as other relevant multilateral environmental agreements such as the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous waste and the Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade.

The project contributes also to the Sound Management of Chemicals and Wastes, which is an important component of the global effort to achieve sustainable, inclusive and resilient human development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Specifically, by intervening in the management of hazardous chemicals, it is closely linked with the Goals 3, 5, 6, 8, 11, 12 and 14 and their specific targets. 13.

The project is aligned with the WBG’s Country Partnership Strategies and Frameworks18 of the five countries: in Ghana, the project is expected to improve artisanal practices of small-scale miners, enhance the sector competitiveness (by adopting new mining technologies, improving land and water management), and protect the poor and vulnerable (by improving maternal and child health and labor practice); in Kenya19, it is expected to protect vulnerable groups and women (by reducing exposure to unsustainable ASGM and e-waste management) and is also expected to improve business environment (by responding to environmental health pressures associated with poor management of hazardous waste; in Senegal20, it is expected to increase access to solid waste management services, by supporting institutional strengthening and capacity building of the sector; in Tanzania, it is expected to enhance the formalization of the ASGM sector, which will create incentives for artisanal A global treaty to protect human health and the environment from persistent organic pollutants (POPs).

The project addresses particularly the Articles 5 17 A framework through which a toxic compound of global concern can be used and managed to drive national policy reforms to protect human health and the environment.

The project addresses the provisions of Article 7, which requires that “each Party that has artisanal and small-scale gold mining and processing subject to this Article within its territory will take steps to reduce, and where feasible eliminate, the use of mercury and mercury compounds in, and the emissions and releases to the environment of mercury from, such mining and processing”.

18 These include Ghana’s Systematic Country Diagnostic and Country Partnership Framework (FY21-27 – Report No. 132010-GH), Kenya’s Country Partnership Strategy (FY14-18 - Report No. 113547-KE), Senegal’s Country Partnership Strategy (FY20-24 - Report No. 143333-SN), Tanzania’s Country Partnership Framework (FY18-22 - Report No. 121790-TZ), Zambia’s Country Partnership Framework (FY19-23 – Report No. 128467-ZA).

19 It fully aligned with the country’s: updated NIP (2014) which shows the significance, and the priority attached to POPs releases from e-waste; Vision 2030, which calls for providing clean and secure environment; and with the Government’s emerging drive to improve waste management, particularly, e-waste management strategies and plans.

20 It is also consistent with the Bank’s strategy to provide multi-sector support to the Government’s Plan Senegal Emergent (2014).

Africa Environmental Health and Pollution Management Program (P167788) miners to access relevant knowledge, financing and institutional support; this is expected to improve natural resource management, thus accelerating the country’s equitable and sustainable growth; in Zambia21, the project is expected to help the Government address the development challenges in its priority areas identified in the Seventh National Development Plan, by contributing to the focus area “More even territorial development: Opportunities and Jobs for the poor”.

14. The project will be implemented in synergy with other ongoing projects and initiatives supporting the environmental health agenda in Africa.

Principal among these projects are the GEF Knowledge Exchange and Institutional Partnerships to Reduce Environmental Health Risks from Exposure to Harmful Chemicals and Waste (BETF, P166233); the Global Center of Excellence in Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (World Bank/OECD); and the recently launched (February 2019) Global Opportunities for Long-term Development (GOLD) of the ASGM sector.

In addition, the proposed project will be implemented in close collaboration with several other ongoing or planned operations: in Ghana - the Forest Investment Program - Enhancing Forest Landscapes; the Ghana Landscape Restoration and Small Scale Mining Project (GLRSSMP, P171933), and the Greater Accra Resilient and Integrated Development Project (GARID, P164330); in Kenya - the Kenya Urban Support Program (KUSP); in Senegal - the Municipal Solid Waste Management Project (PROMOGED – P161477); in Tanzania - the Resilient Natural Resources Management for Tourism and Growth Project (P150523); in Zambia - the Mining and Environmental Remediation and Improvement Project (P154683).

A. Project Development Objective 15. The project aims to reduce exposure to mercury and uPOPs pollution at pilot sites and strengthen the institutional capacity to manage and regulate mercury use in artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASGM) and e-waste in selected 16.

The following PDO indicators are proposed, disaggregated by country: a. Knowledge products on mercury and uPOPs management designed and disseminated (Number); b. Policy interventions on mercury and e-waste management (including uPOPs emissions) designed and c.

Piloting of best environmental practices and cleaner technologies to help countries meet their Stockholm and Minamata Convention obligations completed and evaluated (Number); d. Mercury use in ASGM reduced at pilot sites (Percentage); e. Exposure to uPOPs pollution from open burning of hazardous waste including e-waste reduced at pilot sites f.

Stakeholder outreach events completed (Number). 17.

The following intermediate indicators are proposed, disaggregated by country: 21 In addition, the project is aligned with the National Solid Waste Management Strategy (NSWMS) of 2004 which sets out an integrated approach to addressing the problem of improper solid waste management; and with the National Implementation Plan (NIP) of 2017, which sets out the roadmap and methodology for implementing the Stockholm Convention in the country.

The project will also build capacity in the management of e-waste as an emerging issue that warrant action countrywide. Africa Environmental Health and Pollution Management Program (P167788) a. E-waste management and mercury use benchmarked in participating countries (volume/Mt) through the regional platform (Yes/No); b.

Trained inspection officers (Number trained, % of participants women); c. Communities involved in planning, implementation and evaluation of demonstration pilots (Number); d. Guidelines and checklists for stakeholders and workers developed (Yes/No); e.

Stakeholder communication strategy developed (Yes/No); f. Training events for relevant stakeholders conducted (Number); g. Private sector in selected e-waste pilot project sites engaged (Yes/No); 18.

Rationale. The mismanagement of mercury and e-waste in Sub-Saharan countries have devastating impacts at the regional scale.

For example, illegal trade of mercury, facilitated by non-guarded borders and routes, leads to severe developmental problems in children, and income losses across countries; the uPOPs released from inappropriately disposed e-waste can travel long distances, causing transboundary impacts, such as cancer and diminished intelligence.

These are regional-level problems, which cannot be solved through the efforts of single countries; they require joint and coordinated efforts across countries and at the regional level. Without action, the number of deaths and sick people due to exposure to chemicals would increase exponentially in the future. 19.

Approach. To respond to this urgent need, the proposed project will implement a regional approach to improve the management and reduce exposure to mercury and uPOPs. This approach will promote harmonization of policies and regulations across countries; will disseminate state-of-the-art knowledge and best practices to reduce harmful emissions; and will leverage finance to scale up these practices after the end of the project.

These actions will be conducted through a knowledge platform22 dedicated to facilitating the coordination and alignment of countries’ activities with the existing sound practices. While the platform will be managed by the