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ARPA-E Electric Vehicles for American Low-Carbon Living (EVs4ALL) is sponsored by Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E).
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Questions about this FOA? Check the Frequently Asked Questions available at http://arpa -e. energy.
gov/faq . For questions that have not already been answered, e mail ARPA -E-CO@hq. doe.
gov (with FOA name and number in subject line); see FOA Sec. VII. A.
Problems with ARPA -E eXCHANGE? Email ExchangeHelp@hq. doe.
gov (with FOA name and n umber in subject line). ## FUNDING OPPORTUNITY ANNOUNCEMENT ## ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS AGENCY – ENERGY (ARPA -E) ## U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY # ELECTRIC VEHICLES FOR AMERICAN LOW -CARBON LIVING Announcement Type: Initial Announcement Funding Opportunity N o. DE -FOA -0002760 Funding Opportunity Announcement ( FOA ) Issue Date: May 3, 2022 First Deadline for Questions to ARPA -E-CO@hq.
doe. gov : 5 PM ET, June 6, 2022 Submission Deadline for Concept Papers: 9:30 AM ET, June 16, 2022 Second Deadline for Questions to ARPA -E-CO@hq. doe.
gov : 5 PM ET, TBD Submission Deadline for Full Applications: 9:30 AM ET, TBD Submission Deadline for Replies to Reviewer Comments: 5 PM ET, TBD Expected Date for Selection Notifications: December 2022 Total Amount to Be Awarded Approximately $ 45 million , subject to the availability of appropriat ed funds to be shared between FOAs DE -FOA - 000 2760 and DE -FOA -000 2761 .
Anticipated Awards ARPA -E may issue one, multiple, or no awards under this FOA . Awards may vary between $ 1 million and $ 6 million. • For eligibility criteria , see Section III.
A of the FOA. • For cost share requirements under this FOA, see Section III. B of the FOA.
• To apply to this FOA, Applicants must register with and submit application materials through ARPA -E eXCHANGE ( https://arpa -e-foa. energy. gov/Registration.
aspx ). For detailed guidance on using ARPA -E eXCHANGE, see Section IV. H.
1 of the FOA. • Applicants are responsible for meeting each submission deadline. Applicants are strongly encouraged to submit their applications at least 48 hours in advance of the submission For detailed guidance on compliance and responsiveness criteria , s ee Section s III.
C . 1 through III. C.
4 of the FOA . Questions about this FOA? Check the Frequently Asked Questions available at http://arpa -e.
energy. gov/faq . For questions that have not already been answered, e mail ARPA -E-CO@hq.
doe. gov (with FOA name and number in subject line); see FOA Sec. VII.
A. Problems with ARPA -E eXCHANGE? Email ExchangeHelp@hq.
doe. gov (with FOA name and n umber in subject line). REQUIRED DOCUMENTS CHECKLIST ................................
................................ ................................ ...................
- 1 - I. FUNDING OPPORTUNITY DESCRIPTION ................................ ................................
................................ ..... - 2 - A.
AGENCY OVERVIEW ................................ ................................ ................................
................................ ........... - 2 - B.
PROGRAM OVERVIEW ................................ ................................ ................................
................................ ........ - 3 - C.
PROGRAM OBJECTIVES ................................ ................................ ................................
................................ .... - 13 - D.
TECHNICAL CATEGORIES OF INTEREST ................................ ................................ ................................
................. - 16 - E. TECHNICAL PERFORMANCE TARGETS ................................
................................ ................................ ..................
- 17 - II. AWARD INFORMATION ................................ ................................
................................ ........................... - 24 - A.
AWARD OVERVIEW ................................ ................................ ................................
................................ ......... - 24 - B.
REN EWAL AWARDS ................................ ................................ ................................
................................ ......... - 25 - C.
ARPA -E FUNDING AGREEMENTS ................................ ................................ ................................
...................... - 25 - 1. COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS ................................
................................ ................................ ........................
- 25 - 2. FUNDING AGREEMENTS WITH FFRDC S/DOE LABS , GOGO S, AND FEDERAL INSTRUMENTALITIES .......................... - 25 - 3.
OTHER TRANSACTIONS AUTHORITY ................................ ................................ ................................
.............. - 26 - D. STATEMENT OF SUBSTANTIAL INVOLVEMENT ................................
................................ ................................ .......
- 27 - III. ELIGIBILITY INFORMATION ................................ ................................
................................ ...................... - 28 - A.
ELIGIBLE APPLICANTS ................................ ................................ ................................
................................ ....... - 28 - 1.
INDIVIDUALS ................................ ................................ ................................
................................ ............. - 28 - 2.
DOMESTIC ENTITIES ................................ ................................ ................................
................................ ... - 28 - 3.
FOREIGN ENTITIES ................................ ................................ ................................
................................ ..... - 28 - 4.
CONSORTIUM ENTITIES ................................ ................................ ................................
............................... - 29 - B. COST SHARING ................................
................................ ................................ ................................
............... - 29 - 1. BASE COST SHARE REQUIREMENT ................................
................................ ................................ ................
- 29 - 2. INCREASED COST SHARE REQUIREMENT ................................ ................................
................................ ........ - 30 - 3.
REDUCED COST SHARE REQUIREMENT ................................ ................................ ................................
.......... - 30 - 4. LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY ................................
................................ ................................ ...............................
- 31 - 5. COST SHARE ALLOCATION ................................ ................................
................................ ........................... - 31 - 6.
COST SHARE TYPES AND ALLOWABILITY ................................ ................................ ................................
........ - 31 - 7. COST SHARE CONTRIBUTIONS BY FFRDC S AND GOGO S ................................
................................ .................. - 32 - 8.
COST SHARE VERIFICATION ................................ ................................ ................................
......................... - 32 - C. OTHER ................................
................................ ................................ ................................
.......................... - 33 - 1. COMPLIANT CRITERIA ................................
................................ ................................ ................................
. - 33 - 2. RESPONSIVENESS CRITERIA ................................
................................ ................................ ..........................
- 34 - 3. SUBMISSIONS SPECIFICALLY NOT OF INTEREST ................................ ................................
................................ . - 34 - 4.
LIMITATION ON NUMBER OF SUBMISSIONS ................................ ................................ ................................
.... - 35 - IV. APPLICATION AND SUBMISSION INFORMATION ................................
................................ ................. - 36 - A.
APPLICATION PROCESS OVERVIEW ................................ ................................ ................................
..................... - 36 - 1. REGISTRATION IN ARPA -E eXCHANGE ................................
................................ ................................ .......
- 36 - 2. CONCEPT PAPERS ................................ ................................
................................ ................................ ......
- 36 - 3. FULL APPLICATIONS ................................ ................................
................................ ................................ ...
- 36 - 4. REP LY TO REVIEWER COMMENTS ................................ ................................
................................ ................. - 37 -Questions about this FOA?
Check the Frequently Asked Questions available at http://arpa -e. energy. gov/faq .
For questions that have not already been answered, e mail ARPA -E-CO@hq. doe. gov (with FOA name and number in subject line); see FOA Sec.
VII. A. Problems with ARPA -E eXCHANGE?
Email ExchangeHelp@hq. doe. gov (with FOA name and n umber in subject line).
5. PRE -SELECTION CLARIFICATIONS AND “D OWN -SELECT ” PROCESS ................................ ................................
...... - 37 - 6. SELECTION FOR AWARD NEGOTIATIONS ................................
................................ ................................ ........
- 37 - B. APPLICATION FORMS ................................ ................................
................................ ................................ .......
- 38 - C. CONTENT AND FORM OF CONCEPT PAPERS ................................ ................................
................................ .......... - 38 - 1.
CONCEPT PAPER ................................ ................................ ................................
................................ ........ - 39 - .
CONCEPT SUMMARY ................................ ................................ ................................
................................ .. - 39 - .
INNOVATION AND IMPACT ................................ ................................ ................................
.......................... - 39 - . PROPOSED WORK ................................
................................ ................................ ................................
..... - 39 - . TEAM ORGANIZATION AND CAPABILITIES ................................
................................ ................................ ......
- 39 - D. CONTENT AND FORM OF FULL APPLICATIONS ................................ ................................
................................ ....... - 40 - E.
CONTENT AND FORM OF REPLIES TO REVIEWER COMMENTS ................................ ................................ ..................
- 40 - F. INTERGOVERNMENTAL REVIEW ................................ ................................
................................ ......................... - 40 - G.
FUNDING RESTRICTIONS ................................ ................................ ................................
................................ ... - 40 - H.
OTHER SUBMISSION REQUIREMENTS ................................ ................................ ................................
.................. - 40 - 1. USE OF ARPA -E eXCHANGE ................................
................................ ................................ ....................
- 40 - V. APPLICATION REVIEW INFORMATION ................................ ................................
................................ ..... - 42 - A.
CRITERIA ................................ ................................ ................................
................................ ....................... - 42 - 1.
CRITERIA FOR CONCEPT PAPERS ................................ ................................ ................................
................... - 42 - 2. CRITERIA FOR FULL APPLICATIONS ................................
................................ ................................ ................
- 43 - 3. CRITERIA FOR REPLIES TO REVIEWER COMMENTS ................................ ................................
............................ - 43 - B. REVIEW AND SELECTION PROCESS ................................
................................ ................................ ......................
- 43 - 1. PROGRAM POLICY FACTORS ................................ ................................
................................ ........................ - 43 - 2.
ARPA -E REVIEWERS ................................ ................................ ................................
................................ . - 44 - 3.
ARPA -E SUPPORT CONTRACTOR ................................ ................................ ................................
................. - 44 - C. ANTICIPATED ANNOUNCEMENT AND AWARD DATES ................................
................................ ............................. - 45 - VI.
AWARD ADMINISTRATION INFORMATION ................................ ................................ .........................
- 46 - A. AWARD NOTICES ................................ ................................
................................ ................................ ............
- 46 - 1. REJECTED SUBMISSIONS ................................ ................................
................................ ............................. - 46 - 2.
CONCEPT PAPER NOTIFICATIONS ................................ ................................ ................................
.................. - 46 - 3. FULL APPLICATION NOTIFICATIONS ................................
................................ ................................ ...............
- 46 - B. ADMINISTRATIVE AND NATIONAL POLICY REQUIREMENTS ................................ ................................
..................... - 46 - C. REPORTING ................................
................................ ................................ ................................
.................... - 46 - VII. AGENCY CONTACTS ................................
................................ ................................ .............................
- 47 - A. COMMUNICATIONS WITH ARPA -E ................................ ................................
................................ .................... - 47 - B.
DEBRIEFINGS ................................ ................................ ................................
................................ .................. - 48 - VIII.
OTHER INFORMATION ................................ ................................ ................................
......................... - 49 - A. TITLE TO SUBJECT INVENTIONS ................................
................................ ................................ ..........................
- 49 - B. GOVERNMENT RIGHTS IN SUBJECT INVENTIONS ................................ ................................
................................ .... - 49 - 1.
GOVERNMENT USE LICENSE ................................ ................................ ................................
........................ - 50 - 2. MARCH -IN RIGHTS ................................
................................ ................................ ................................
.... - 50 - C. RIGHTS IN TECHNICAL DATA ................................
................................ ................................ ..............................
- 50 - D. PROTECTED PERSONALLY IDENTIFIABLE INFORMATION ................................ ................................
.......................... - 51 -Questions about this FOA? Check the Frequently Asked Questions available at http://arpa -e.
energy. gov/faq . For questions that have not already been answered, e mail ARPA -E-CO@hq.
doe. gov (with FOA name and number in subject line); see FOA Sec. VII.
A. Problems with ARPA -E eXCHANGE? Email ExchangeHelp@hq.
doe. gov (with FOA name and n umber in subject line). E.
FOA S AND FOA MODIFICATIONS ................................ ................................ ................................
...................... - 51 - F. OBLIGATION OF PUBLIC FUNDS ................................
................................ ................................ ..........................
- 52 - G. REQUIREMENT FOR FULL AND COMPLETE DISCLOSURE ................................ ................................
.......................... - 52 - H. RETENTION OF SUBMISSIONS ................................
................................ ................................ ............................
- 52 - I. MARKING OF CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION ................................ ................................
................................ ........ - 52 - J.
COMPLIANCE AUDIT REQUIREMENT ................................ ................................ ................................
................... - 53 - IX. GLOSSARY ................................
................................ ................................ ................................
............... - 54 -Questions about this FOA? Check the Frequently Asked Questions available at http://arpa -e.
energy. gov/faq . For questions that have not already been answered, e mail ARPA -E-CO @hq.
doe. gov (with FOA name and number in s ubject line); see FOA Sec. VII.
A . Problems with ARPA -E eXCHANGE? Email ExchangeHelp@hq.
doe. gov (with FOA name and number in subject line). ## REQUIRED DOCUMENTS CHECKLIST For an overview of the application process, see Section IV.
A of the FOA. For guidance regarding requisite application forms, see Section IV. B of the FOA.
For guidance regarding the content and form of Concept Papers, Full Applications, and Replies to Reviewer Comments, see Section s IV. C , IV. D, and IV.
E of the FOA. SUBMISSION COMPONENTS OPTIONAL/ • Each Applicant must submit a Concept Paper in Adobe PDF format by the stated deadline. The Concept Paper must • exceed 4 pages in length including graphics, figures, and/or tables, and must include the following: o Team Organization and Capabilities Full Application [TO BE INSERTED BY FOA MODIFICATION IN AUGUST 2022 ] Mandatory IV.
D 9:30 AM ET, [TO BE INSERTED BY FOA MODIFICATION IN AUGUST 2022 ] Optional IV. E 5 PM ET, TBD Questions about this FOA? Check the Frequently Asked Questions available at http://arpa -e.
energy. gov/faq . For questions that have > not already been answered, e mail ARPA -E-CO @hq.
doe. gov (with FOA name and number in s ubject line); see FOA Sec. VII.
A . > Problems with ARPA -E eXCHANGE? Email ExchangeHelp@hq.
doe. gov (with FOA name and number in subject line). ## I.
FUNDING OPPORTUNITY DESCRIPTION The Advanced Research Projects Agency – Energy (ARPA -E), an organization within the Department of Energy (DOE), is chartered by Congress in the America COMPETES Act of 2007 (P. L. 110 -69), as amended by the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (P.
L. 111 - 358), as further amended by the Energy Act of 2020 (P. L.
116 -260) to: “(A) to enhance the economic and energy security of the United States through the development of energy technologies that — (i) reduce imports of ene rgy from foreign sources; (ii) reduce energy -related emissions, including greenhouse gases; (iii) improve the energy efficiency of all economic sectors; (iv) provide transformative solutions to improve the management, clean -up, and disposal of radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel; and (v) improve the resilience, reliability, and security of infrastructure to produce, deliver, (B) to ensure that the United States maintains a technological lead in developing and deploying advanced e nergy technologies.
” ARPA -E issues this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) under its authorizing statute codified at 42 U.S.C. § 16538. The FOA and any awards made under this FOA are subject to 2 C.
F. R. Part 200 as supplemented by 2 C.
F. R. Part 910.
ARPA -E funds research on and the development of transformative science and technology solutions to address the energy and environmental missions of the Department. The agency focus es on technologies that can be meaningfully advanced with a modest investmen t over a defined period of time in order to catalyze the translation from scientific discovery to early - stage technology.
For the latest news and information about ARPA -E, its programs and the research projects currently supported, see: http://arpa -e. energy. gov/ .
ARPA -E funds transformational research. Existing energy technologies generally progress on established “learning curves” where refinements to a technology and the economies of scale that accrue as manufacturing and distribution develop drive improvements to the cost/performance metric in a grad ual fashion.
This continual improvement of a technology is important to its increased commercial deployment and is appropriately the focus of the private sector or the applied technology offices within DOE. By contrast, ARPA -E supports transformative res earch that has the potential to create fundamentally new learning curves.
ARPA -E technology projects typically start with cost/performance estimates well above the level of an incumbent technology. Given the high risk inherent in these projects, many wil l fail to progress, but some may succeed in generating a new learning curve with a projected cost/performance metric that is significantly better than that of the incumbent technology. Questions about this FOA?
Check the Frequently Asked Questions available at http://arpa -e. energy. gov/faq .
For questions that have > not already been answered, e mail ARPA -E-CO @hq. doe. gov (with FOA name and number in s ubject line); see FOA Sec.
VII. A . > Problems with ARPA -E eXCHANGE?
Email ExchangeHelp@hq. doe. gov (with FOA name and number in subject line).
ARPA -E funds technology with the potential to be disruptive in the mar ketplace . The mere creation of a new learning curve does not ensure market penetration. Rather, the ultimate value of a technology is determined by the marketplace, and impactful technologies ultimately become disruptive – that is, they are widely adopted and displace existing technologies from the marketplace or create entirely new markets.
ARPA -E understands that definitive proof of market disruption takes time, particularly for energy technologies. Therefore, ARPA -E funds the development of technologie s that, if technically successful, have clear disruptive potential, e.g., by demonstrating capability for manufacturing at competitive cost and deployment at scale. ARPA -E funds applied research and development.
The Office of Management and Budget de fines “applied research” as an “original investigation undertaken in order to acquire new knowledge…directed primarily towards a specific practical aim or objective” and defines “experimental development” as “creative and systematic work, drawing on knowle dge gained from research and practical experience, which is directed at producing new products or processes or improving existing products or processes .
” 1 Applicants interested in receiving financial assistance for basic research (defined by the Office o f Management and Budget as “experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily to acquire new knowledge of the underlying foundations of phenomena and observable facts”) 2 should contact the DOE’s Office of Science ( http://science. energy. gov/ ).
Office of Science national scientific user facilities (http://science. energy. gov/user -facilities/ ) are open to all researchers , including ARPA -E Applicants and awardees.
These facilities provide advanced tools of modern science including accelerators, colliders, supercomputers, light sources and neutron sources, as well as facilities for studying the nanoworld, the environment, and the atmosphere.
Projects focused on early - stage R&D for the improvement of technology along defined roadmaps may be more appropriate for support through the DOE applied energy offices including: the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy ( http://www. eere. energy.
gov/ ), the Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management ( https://www. energy. gov/fecm/office -fossil -ene rgy -and -carbon - management ), the Office of Nuclear Energy ( http://www.
energy. gov/ne/office -nuclear -energy ), and the Office of Electricity ( https://www. energy.
gov/oe/office -electricity ). According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), global warming of 1. 5 to 2 degrees Celsius ( oC) will be exceede d during the twenty -first century unless deep reductions in carbon dioxide (CO 2) and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions occur in the coming decades.
3 The United States (U.S.) alone is responsible for generating approximately 15% of global CO 2 > 1OMB Circular A -11 (https://www. whitehouse. gov/wp -content/uploads/2018/06/a11_web_toc.
pdf), Section 84, > 2OMB Circular A -11 (https://www. whitehouse. gov/wp -content/uploads/2018/06/a11_web_toc.
pdf), Section 84, > 3“Climate Change 2022: Impac ts, Adaptation and Vulnerability”, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, > 2022 [IPCC_AR6_WGII_FinalDraft_FullReport. pdf] Questions about this FOA? Check the Frequently Asked Questions available at http://arpa -e.
energy. gov/faq . For questions that have not already been answered, e mail ARPA -E-CO @hq.
doe. gov (with FOA name and number in s ubject line); see FOA Sec. VII.
A . Problems with ARPA -E eXCHANGE? Email ExchangeHelp@hq.
doe. gov (with FOA name and number in subject line). emissions 4 despite being inhabited by only 5% of the Earth’s population.
At present, the transportation sector is responsible for 28% of total domestic emission s, 5 with road -based passenger vehicles accounting for 57% of that segment . 6 Domestically, passenger vehicles [i.e., cars, sport utility vehicles (SUVs), minivans and pick -up trucks] collectively emit more than one billion tons of CO 2 per year. As the U .
S. works to decarbonize the transportation sector and produce an increasing amount of “clean” (zero emission) electricity, electric vehicles (EVs) become logical alternatives to internal combustion engines (ICEs). However, to accelerate and/or broaden EV adoption, consumer -centric considerations need to be more thoroughly addressed, including cost, convenience, reliability, and safety .
While early adopters contributed to record EV sales in 2021, comprising 3. 6% of total cars sold in the U.S., 7 42% of thes e EVs were sold in California, followed by other states with comparable climates and/or wealth . 8 Furthermore, EV ownership is dominated by a minority demographic of the U.S. population based on age, gender, annual salary, level of education, and other factors .
7 Although it is expected that EVs will continue to gain market share domestically, signific antly more effort is required to address and remove key technology barriers to EV adoption among a greater percentage of the population.
In response to these challenges, ARPA -E's Electric Vehicles for American Low -carbon Living ( EVs4ALL ) program will focus on advancing next -generation battery technologies that have the potential to significantly improve affordability, convenience, reliability, and safety of EVs compared to those available today, to directly address the following key market needs: • Approxi mately 37% of Americans live in residences without garages or carports and therefore do not have access to the convenience of charging at home.
Thus, EV batteries capable of safe, rapid charging are necessary to appeal to this market. 9 • Many Americans liv e in northern states 10 where EV battery performance can be experienced as unsatisfactory at low temperatures, due to reductions in capacity and power. Consequently, EV batteries that are more resilient at low temperatures are critical to motivate greater a doption in colder climates.
> 4Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data | US EPA > 5U. S. Emissions | Center for Climate and Energy Solutions ( c2es.
org) > 6Fast Facts: U.S. Transportation Sector GHG Emissions (pdf) (December 2021, EPA -420 -F-21 -076) > 7“EV Consumer Behavior”, Electric Vehicle Council of the Fuels Institute, J une 2021 [ EV -Consumer -Behavior - > Report. pdf (fuelsinstitute. org) ] > 8“Electric Vehicle Ownership Costs: Today’s Electric Vehicles Offer Big Savings for Consumers”, Consumer Reports , > October 2020 [ EV Ownership Cost Final Report (consumerreports.
org) ] > 9“Fact #958: January 2, 2017, Sixty -Three Percent of all Housing Units have a Garage or Carport”, Vehicle > Technologies Office [ https://www. energy. gov/eere/vehicles/fact -958 -january -2-2017 -sixty -three -percent -all - > housing -units -have -garage -or -carport ] > 10 https://www.
census. gov/data/tables/time -series/demo/popest/2020s -state -total. html > Masias, J.
Marcicki, and W. A. Paxton, ACS Energy Lett.
, 2021, 6, 2, 621 -630. Questions about this FOA? Check the Frequently Asked Questions available at http://arpa -e.
energy. gov/faq . For questions that have not already been answered, e mail ARPA -E-CO @hq.
doe. gov (with FOA name and number in s ubject line); see FOA Sec. VII.
A . Problems with ARPA -E eXCHANGE? Email ExchangeHelp@hq.
doe. gov (with FOA name and number in subject line). • The median U.S. household income is approximately $70,000 11 and although a subset of used EV models may be available to purchase for less than $20,000 ,12 their maximum range (miles) may be perceived as unacceptably low.
Since tw o thirds of Americans purchase used vehicles rather than new ,13 more durable (“longer -lasting”) EV batteries are required to stimulate and assure the used EV market.
If the EVs4ALL program can successfully achieve its primary objective, which is to incre ase domestic EV adoption through elimination of these key detractors, it will directly impact three ARPA -E mission areas as follows: i) 80% adoption of electrically powered passenger cars in the U.S. could reduce annual energy consumption by 4 quadrillion B ritish Thermal Units (Quads), thereby improving the energy efficiency of the sector.
ii) 80% adoption of electrically powered cars could reduce overall CO 2 emissions by 800 million tons/year, thereby reducing energy -related emissions. iii) Solutions to i) and ii) m ay also target the utilization of “noncritical” battery materials in order to address supply chain risk and drive down cost, thereby reducing imports of critical metals and supporting ARPA -E’s energy independence mission.
Note that the benefits postulate d in i) and ii) are predicated on additional electricity supply comprised of 25% natural gas and 75% clean (zero emissions) energy. Since the launch of commercial lithium -ion batteries (LiB) in 1991 ,14 the field has witnessed steady improvements in gravimetric and volumetric energy density at both the cell and pack levels.
The history of commercial LiB starts with the pioneering Sony cell, which was introduced with a modest gravimetric energy density ~1 00 Watt -hour per kilogram (Wh/kg). Improvements to energy density since this introduction have been documented and reported.
15 A summary of the progress is depicted in Figure 1 which shows that while improvements of 6% per year were realized on average bet ween 1991 and 2005, recent progress has been a more modest 3% per year. Discussion with industry experts indicated that 350 Wh/kg may be achieved by 2030, but that next generation (“beyond LiB”) chemistries are needed to achieve 400 Wh/kg and greater. > 11 https://www .
census. gov/library/publications/2021/demo/p60 -273. html > 12 https://www.
recurrentauto. com/re search/used -electric -vehicle -buying - > report#:~:text=Although%20used%20EVs%20are%20on,EV%20price%20is%20%2439. 6 > 13 U.
S. Department of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics Website > [https://www. bts.
gov/content/new -and -used -passenger -car -sales -and -leases -thousands -vehicles ] > 14 Sony commercialized LiB in 1991. > 15 A. Masias, J.
Marcicki, and W. A. Paxton, ACS Energy Lett.
, 2021, 6, 2, 621 -630. > G. Pistoia and B.
Liaw, “Behaviour of Lithium -Ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles: Battery Health, Performance, Safety, > and Cost”, Green Energy and Technology, 2018 > Zeigler and Trancik, Energy Environ. Sci. , 2021, 14 , 1635 -1651, DOI: 10.
1039/D0EE02681F Questions about this FOA? Check the Frequently Asked Questions available at http://arpa -e. energy.
gov/faq . For questions that have > not already been answered, e mail ARPA -E-CO @hq. doe.
gov (with FOA name and number in s ubject line); see FOA Sec. VII. A .
> Problems with ARPA -E eXCHANGE? Email ExchangeHelp@hq. doe.
gov (with FOA name and number in subject line). Figure 1. Trend for increasing energy densities for commercial LiB from 1990 to 2019, based on published data ;15 the exclusive intent of the figure is to communicate the higher rate of progress (i.e., energy density) during the period from 1991 -2005 compa red to 2005 -2019.
The ARPA -E IONICS program, United States Advanced Battery Consortium (USABC), and U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) roadmaps identify specific energy targets at (or exceeding) 400 Wh/kg as essential; however, charge time is often viewed as a secondary priority.
Perspectives shared during discussions with battery experts 16 support the conclusion that, although battery innovation programs focused primarily on achieving high energy density have merit for specific vehicles and use cases (pick -up trucks, for example), such targets are less relevant in many other scenarios.
Stated alternatively, achieving higher energy density by itself may be an ineffective strategy for enabling a large proportion of prospective car buyers to purchase affordable new or used EVs. This hypothesis is at least partially supported by the transition to using lower energy density lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathodes for lower end models that was embraced by a U.S. -based EV manufacturer and EV manufacturers in China.
17 Additionally, an analysis of car ownership in the U.S. reveals that two -thirds of households have two or more cars, and that the second, third, fourth, etc., cars in any household travel over forty percent fewer miles on average per week compared to the pri mary vehicle. 18 Therefore, the combination of (1) recent EV industry decisions in favor of lower energy density batteries and > 16 https://arpa -e. energy .
gov/events/high -energy -fast -charging -batteries -for -ev -applications -workshop > 17 “Tesla Plans Shift to Lithium Iron -Phosphate Batteries Globally”, BNEF report, October 20, 2021. > 18 FOTW #1047, September 17, 2018: Daily Vehicle Miles Traveled Varies with the Number of Household Vehicles | > Department of Energy Questions about this FOA? Check the Frequently Asked Questions available at http://arpa -e.
energy. gov/faq . For questions that have > not already been answered, e mail ARPA -E-CO @hq.
doe. gov (with FOA name and number in s ubject line); see FOA Sec. VII.
A . > Problems with ARPA -E eXCHANGE? Email ExchangeHelp@hq.
doe. gov (with FOA name and number in subject line). (2) behavioral trends for households with more than one vehicle may be perceived as support for the coexistence of discrete market s for both higher and lower range EVs.
Fast -Charging and Charging Infrastructure Fast charging, i.e., 80% charge input in 5 to 15 minutes, is undoubtedly more desirable than the 30 -to 40 -minutes required for most commercially available EVs today. Admitte dly, fast charging may be less important to the segment of the population that reside in homes with personal garages or car ports who can enjoy the convenience of charging at home without time pressure.
However, fast charging is expected to become a key fa ctor for other groups contemplating the • People who live in densely populated urban areas typically park cars on the street or in large garages shared by other residents of the same apartment building or community. Therefore, this segmen t of the EV owner population would most often rely on charging at a public charging station.
The major challenges associated with this EV “refueling” process may include (1) unacceptable levels of inconvenience to the EV owner, including a significant alte ration of daily lifestyle/routine, and/or (2) a logistical nightmare considering the congestion expected at these service centers due to extended charging required for EVs compared to refueling an ICE vehicle.
• While apartment complexes may accommodate EV owners by installing charging stations on -site, these facilities are likely to be limited in number such that the actual accessibility of “at -home” charging is expected to be modest at best. • The cost of installing a home charger can be significant and may be hampered by location and availability, including in rural areas.
Sharing high capacity, fast charging stations much as a gas station is shared eliminates this barrier. • Taxis, ride share drivers, and small delivery vehicles typically rely on a fast turn -around when refueling to minimize interruptions to daily business operations.
Although the benefits of fast charging during extended journeys have some relevance to all drivers and such a need will also be addressed by this program, they are not the prim ary motivation for this initiative. 350 kW chargers for EVs exist today in the U.S. while 500 kW chargers for commercial vehicles are being tested by at least one major automotive manufacturer.
19 If EV batteries are capable of safely accepting fast charging, these chargers could provide 200 miles of range in 9. 5 minutes and 6. 7 minutes, respectively, which assumes 4 miles = 1 kWh and 90% charger efficiency.
As the domestic charging infrastructur e receives increasing levels of investment – both government and private – charging stations are expected to become ubiquitous. In city > 19 https://insideevs. com/news/457796/daimler -first -public -megawatt -truck -charging -station/ Questions about this FOA?
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environments, the power grid may be able to support the load surges required for rapid charge and the development of cha rging stations with battery load peak shifting could be part of a total solution. While the prevalence of fast direct current (DC) charging in the near term remains unclear, at least one industry observer has forecast that up to 24% of vehicle charging cou ld be fast charge by 2040.
20 It remains to be seen how charger infrastructure will evolve in the U.S. and how both government and the private sector will drive overall charger penetration and capability. This program seeks to develop and advance batteries capable of safely accepting high power charge from both available and future attainable charger technologies.
At the same time, such batteries will need to demonstrate compatibility with the existing charger infrastructure irrespective of the kilowatt (kW) rating. In addition to charger innovations, the battery itself will likely evolve to use higher system voltages to better accommodate faster charging. For example, two production model EVs ,21 both launched in 2021, employ 800 volt (V) electrical systems.
Assuming that safety can be managed cost effectively, the development of higher voltage battery systems is anticipated. 22 Voltage and pack configuration aside, the charging capability of a battery is related to charge acceptance and to the transfer and fl ux of both ions and electrons at electrode interfaces and active material surfaces. Thus, next generation battery
Key questions and narrative sections extracted from the solicitation.
Concept Paper (4 pages max): Concept Summary — provide an overview of the proposed project.
Concept Paper: Innovation and Impact — describe the transformative potential and relevance to ARPA-E's mission.
Concept Paper: Proposed Work — outline technical approach and objectives.
Concept Paper: Team Organization and Capabilities — describe team qualifications.
Full Application content: [TO BE INSERTED BY FOA MODIFICATION IN AUGUST 2022 — details not yet released in base FOA]
Scoring criteria used to review proposals for this grant.
According to the current listing, eligibility includes: Small businesses, startups, established companies, universities. Stratus Materials Inc. eligible. Confirm the full requirements in the official notice before applying.
ARPA-E Electric Vehicles for American Low-Carbon Living (EVs4ALL) is funded by Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E). Verify program details on the funder's official page before applying.
Yes — this listing is flagged as national in scope, so applicants across the U.S. may apply, subject to the sponsor's other eligibility criteria.
Applications go through the funder's official portal — the Apply Now link on this page goes there directly.
The solicitation lists 3 required documents: Concept Paper (4-page PDF via ARPA-E eXCHANGE), Full Application (details per FOA Section IV.D), and Reply to Reviewer Comments (optional). Check the official notice for formatting and page-limit rules.
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