Correctness for Scientific Computing Systems (CS2)

Correctness for Scientific Computing Systems (CS2) is sponsored by NSF and Department of Energy (DOE). Supports research focused on correctness in scientific computing tools and tool chains, spanning low-level libraries through complex multi-physics simulations.

NSF 24-571: Correctness for Scientific Computing Systems (CS2) | NSF - U.S. National Science Foundation Active funding opportunity This document is the current version. Important information for proposers and award recipients All proposals must be submitted in accordance with the requirements specified in the funding opportunity and in the Proposal & Award Policies & Procedures Guide (PAPPG) and its supplements .

All NSF grants and cooperative agreements are subject to the applicable set of NSF award terms and conditions . NSF has updated its research security policies for NSF funded projects. NSF 24-571: Correctness for Scientific Computing Systems Download the solicitation (PDF, 0.

9mb) Program Solicitation NSF 24-571 National Science Foundation Directorate for Computer and Information Science and Engineering Division of Computing and Communication Foundations Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research Full Proposal Deadline(s) (due by 5 p. m.

submitting organization's local time): Important Information And Revision Notes Any proposal submitted in response to this solicitation should be submitted in accordance with the NSF Proposal & Award Policies & Procedures Guide (PAPPG) that is in effect for the relevant due date to which the proposal is being submitted.

The NSF PAPPG is regularly revised and it is the responsibility of the proposer to ensure that the proposal meets the requirements specified in this solicitation and the applicable version of the PAPPG. Submitting a proposal prior to a specified deadline does not negate this requirement.

Summary Of Program Requirements Correctness for Scientific Computing Systems (CS 2 ) Correctness for Scientific Computing Systems (CS 2 ) is a joint program of the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Department of Energy (DOE). The program addresses challenges that are both core to DOE's mission and essential to NSF's mission of ensuring broad scientific progress.

The program's overarching goal is to elevate correctness as a fundamental requirement for scientific computing tools and tool chains, spanning low-level libraries through complex multi-physics simulations and emerging scientific workflows. At an elementary level, correctness of a system means that desired behavioral properties will be satisfied during the system's execution.

In the context of scientific computing, correctness can be understood, at both the level of software and hardware, as absence of faulty behaviors such as excessive numerical rounding, floating-point exceptions, data races deadlocks, memory faults, violations of specifications at interfaces of system modules, and so on.

The CS 2 program puts correctness on an equal footing with performance, the focus of current scientific computing research. This program envisions the necessity of proving correctness even in performant scientific computing systems. Such correctness proofs themselves might rely upon multiple factors, including correctness of static and runtime program analyses.

Recognizing that many scientific computing applications are inherently statistical, use probabilistic or randomized algorithms, and/or deal with uncertain data, probabilistic notions of correctness may be needed. It is also critical to realize that correctness guarantees are provided with respect to some predefined system model.

For many reasons, including misspecification, approximation, and defect, the state space allowed by real systems might depart from that model. When this happens, the ability to probe the system to isolate the discrepancy is a key challenge in many domains. CS 2 requires close and continuous collaboration between researchers in two complementary areas of expertise.

One area is scientific computing, which, for this solicitation, is broadly construed to include: models and simulations of scientific theories; management and analysis of data from scientific simulations, observations, and experiments; libraries for numerical computation; and allied topics.

The second area is formal reasoning and mechanized proving of properties of programs, which, for this solicitation, is broadly construed to include automatic/interactive/auto-active verification, runtime verification, type systems, abstract interpretation, programming languages, program analysis, program logic, compilers, concurrency, stochastic reasoning, static and dynamic testing, property-based testing, and allied topics.

Cognizant Program Officer(s): Please note that the following information is current at the time of publishing. See program website for any updates to the points of contact. Anindya Banerjee, telephone: (703) 292-7885, email: cs2@nsf.

gov Damian Dechev, telephone: (703) 292-8910, email: cs2@nsf. gov Hal Finkel, Program Manager, DOE/SC, telephone: (301) 903-1304, email: hal. finkel@science.

doe. gov Applicable Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance (CFDA) Number(s): 47. 070 --- Computer and Information Science and Engineering 81.

049 --- Office of Science Financial Assistance Program Anticipated Type of Award: Standard Grant or Continuing Grant Estimated Number of Awards: 5 Approximately 5 awards will be made each year in FY 2025, FY 2026, and FY 2027.

Awards of up to $800,000 per award, exclusive of funding to DOE National Laboratories and their sub-recipients, with durations up to 4 years are anticipated, subject to availability of funds and quality of proposals received. Anticipated Funding Amount: $18,000,000 $3M per year from NSF and $3M per year from DOE.

Estimated program budget, number of awards and average award size/duration are subject to the availability of funds and quality of proposals received.

Who May Submit Proposals: Proposals may only be submitted by the following: Non-profit, non-academic organizations: Independent museums, observatories, research laboratories, professional societies and similar organizations located in the U.S. that are directly associated with educational or research activities.

Institutions of Higher Education (IHEs) - Two- and four-year IHEs (including community colleges) accredited in, and having a campus located in the US, acting on behalf of their faculty members. DOE National Laboratories.

By the submission deadline, any PI, co-PI, or other senior/key personnel must: be a DOE National Laboratory employee; or a tenured or tenure-track position, or a primary, full-time paid appointment in a research or teaching position at a US-based campus of an organization eligible to submit to this solicitation (see above), with exceptions granted for family or medical leave, as determined by the submitting organization.

Individuals with primary appointments at for-profit non-academic organizations or at overseas branch campuses of U.S. institutions of higher education are not eligible. A project must have at least one (co)-PI with expertise in scientific computing and at least one (co)-PI with expertise in formal reasoning and mechanized proving of properties of programs.

Limit on Number of Proposals per Organization: There are no restrictions or limits. Limit on Number of Proposals per PI or co-PI: 2 An investigator may participate as PI, co-PI, or Senior/Key Personnel in no more than two (2) proposals submitted in response to this solicitation, per deadline. An investigator cannot be PI, co-PI, or Senior/Key Personnel on more than two (2) awards throughout the life of this program (FY 2025 – FY 2027).

A project must have at least one (co)-PI with expertise in scientific computing and at least one (co)-PI with expertise in formal reasoning and mechanized proving of properties of programs. These eligibility constraints will be strictly enforced in order to treat everyone fairly and consistently .

In the event that an individual exceeds the participation limit, proposals received within the limit will be accepted based on earliest date and time of proposal submission (i.e., the first two proposals received will be accepted, and the remainder will be returned without review). Additionally, a participant who is already PI, co-PI, or Senior/Key Personnel on two (2) awards, can no longer submit a proposal to the program.

No exceptions will be made. Proposals submitted in response to this solicitation may not duplicate or be substantially similar to other proposals concurrently under consideration by NSF or the DOE. Proposal Preparation and Submission Instructions A.

Proposal Preparation Instructions Letters of Intent: Not required Preliminary Proposal Submission: Not required Full Proposals submitted via Research. gov: NSF Proposal and Award Policies and Procedures Guide (PAPPG) guidelines apply. The complete text of the PAPPG is available electronically on the NSF website at: https://www.

nsf. gov/publications/pub_summ. jsp?

ods_key=pappg . Full Proposals submitted via Grants. gov: NSF Grants.

gov Application Guide: A Guide for the Preparation and Submission of NSF Applications via Grants. gov guidelines apply (Note: The NSF Grants. gov Application Guide is available on the Grants.

gov website and on the NSF website at: https://www. nsf. gov/publications/pub_summ.

jsp? ods_key=grantsgovguide ). Cost Sharing Requirements: Inclusion of voluntary committed cost sharing is prohibited.

Indirect Cost (F&A) Limitations: Other Budgetary Limitations: Full Proposal Deadline(s) (due by 5 p. m. submitting organization's local time): Proposal Review Information Criteria National Science Board approved criteria.

Additional merit review criteria apply. Please see the full text of this solicitation for further information. Award Administration Information Additional award conditions apply.

Please see the full text of this solicitation for further information. Additional reporting requirements apply. Please see the full text of this solicitation for further information.

Scientific computing is fundamental to science and engineering in areas as far-ranging as precision manufacturing, simulation of modern power grids, fighting emerging pandemics, and climate modeling. In the modern context, scientific computing is often carried out under tight time schedules, and often involves running highly optimized programs on cutting-edge hardware to obtain the highest possible performance at scale.

Not only have the numerical algorithms underlying scientific computing become more complex, but also the supporting hardware and software have become more heterogeneous: they employ multiple concurrency models, different numerical schemes, different number representations, and a variety of accelerators including Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), Tensor Cores, and Matrix Accelerators that differ from each other in subtle ways.

At this pace and scale, errors can occur at all levels, risking dissemination of incorrect results, release of flawed tool chains, and slowdown of scientific findings and discoveries. For additional background, please see the reports cited below. This escalation of complexity and the potential risks from software and hardware errors motivate the need for research in innovative techniques to address correctness challenges.

There is sustained interest in the scientific-computing community: several community-wide meetings such as the 2023 DOE/NSF Workshop on Correctness in Scientific Computing ( report ), the 2017 HPC Correctness Summit , and the annual (since 2017) International Workshop on Software Correctness for HPC Applications (held as a satellite workshop of the Supercomputing conference) have asserted that ensuring correctness of scientific computing applications is one of the most pressing outstanding challenges faced by the scientific computing community today.

Correctness for Scientific Computing Systems (CS 2 ) is a joint program of the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Department of Energy (DOE). The program addresses challenges that are both core to DOE's mission and essential to NSF's mission of ensuring broad scientific progress.

The program's overarching goal is to elevate correctness as a fundamental requirement for scientific computing tools and tool chains, spanning low-level libraries through complex multi-physics simulations and emerging scientific workflows. At an elementary level, correctness of a system means that desired behavioral properties will be satisfied during the system's execution.

In the context of scientific computing correctness can be understood, at both the level of software and hardware, as absence of faulty behaviors such as excessive numerical rounding, floating-point exceptions, data races deadlocks, memory faults, violations of specifications at interfaces of system modules, and so on.

The CS 2 program puts correctness on an equal footing with the focus of current scientific computing research: performance. The program envisions the necessity of proving correctness, even in performant scientific computing systems. Such correctness proofs themselves might rely upon multiple factors, including correctness of static and runtime program analyses.

Recognizing that many scientific computing applications are inherently statistical, use probabilistic or randomized algorithms, and/or deal with uncertain data, probabilistic notions of correctness may be needed. It is also critical to realize that correctness guarantees are provided with respect to some predefined system model.

For many reasons, including misspecification, approximation, and defect, the state space allowed by real systems might depart from that model. When this happens, the ability to probe the system to isolate the discrepancy is a key challenge in many domains. The CS 2 program requires close and continuous collaboration between researchers in two complementary areas of expertise.

One area is scientific computing, which, for this solicitation, is broadly construed to include: models and simulations of scientific theories; management and analysis of data from scientific simulations, observations, and experiments; libraries for numerical computation; and allied topics.

The second area is formal reasoning and mechanized proving of properties of programs, which, for this solicitation, is broadly construed to include automatic/interactive/auto-active verification, runtime verification, type systems, abstract interpretation, programming languages, program analysis, program logics, compilers, concurrency, stochastic reasoning, static and dynamic testing, property-based testing, and allied topics.

The CS 2 program solicits research proposals that advance general theories, principles, and methodologies for verified scientific computing. All proposals must present basic research for making such verification: A. modular (that is, layered as opposed to monolithic, with intermediate results proved for each module interface), B.

end-to-end (that is, connect program code to high-level specifications of scientific systems to be approximated); and C. machine checked (that is, an overall correctness theorem must be established in a formal logic and must be machine-checkable). As noted above, the correctness guarantee might be defined statistically and might rely on both static and dynamic analysis.

In (sub)sections titled "Theories and methodologies", "Critical Modules", and "Evaluation Plan" , respectively, a project must address these basic requirements : 1. Propose generalizable theories and methodologies for proving correctness of scientific computing systems; define and justify appropriate correctness criteria; provide examples of correctness violations. 2.

Identify (with justification) critical modules of at least two scientific computing applications, already recognized as highly performant . (a) Demonstrate how theories and methodologies developed in (1) can be instantiated/adapted to accomplish full proofs of correctness of implementations of the chosen modules.

(b) Provide examples of abstractions that may aid proofs of correctness: argue how the abstractions may help achieve (A) – (C) above. (c) Discuss salient assumptions on e.g., external libraries, tools, and hardware; where meaningful, discuss technical approaches for discharging the assumptions. 3.

Present an evaluation plan that includes a timeline and outlines success metrics. An essential end goal of a proposed project should be evidence, by way of machine-checked mathematical proof, that the chosen critical modules of the applications satisfy stated correctness properties.

A project is not required to perform complete end-to-end proofs of correctness of the scientific applications, although furnishing such proofs should be the project's ultimate aim. Accordingly, a project should (at least informally) state and justify overall correctness criteria for the chosen applications and explain how the proposed work addresses key challenges to accomplishing end-to-end proofs.

A project may include runtime testing/verification components. However, the research should aim to demonstrate some provable guarantee regarding the effectiveness or completeness of the testing. Similarly, the proposed research may include runtime testing of verified systems that can efficiently and effectively isolate discrepancies between the real system behavior and the model underlying the verification guarantee.

The chosen scientific applications may contain components implementing artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) algorithms but must include substantial procedural or functional components in addition to the AI/ML components. Rigorous reasoning techniques should be employed for demonstrating correctness of all components (including AI/ML components) of the selected modules.

Proposals must contain a detailed collaboration plan, included as a Supplementary Document, that clearly highlights and justifies the complementary expertise of the PIs in the areas of scientific computing, and formal methods and mechanized proving, and describes the mechanisms for continuous mutual collaboration. The following topics are out of scope and corresponding projects will be returned without review.

Projects that focus merely on improving the performance or scalability of the chosen applications. Projects that do not offer advancements in formal reasoning for scientific applications. Projects focusing on applications written for execution on quantum computers.

Only DOE will provide funding to DOE National Laboratories and their sub-recipients, while both NSF and DOE may provide funding to other selected institutions. Proposed projects are not required to include DOE National Laboratories, but projects including DOE National Laboratories should target applications of relevance to one or more DOE SC programs . Collaborative proposals are encouraged.

Anticipated Type of Award: Standard Grant or Continuing Grant Estimated Number of Awards: Approximately 5 per year. Approximately 5 awards will be made each year in FY 2025, FY 2026, and FY 2027. Awards of up to $800,000 per award, exclusive of funding to DOE National Laboratories and their sub-recipients, with durations up to 4 years are anticipated, subject to availability of funds and quality of proposals received.

Anticipated Funding Amount: $3M per year from NSF and $3M per year from DOE. Estimated program budget, number of awards and average award size/duration are subject to the availability of funds and quality of proposals received. IV.

Eligibility Information Who May Submit Proposals: Proposals may only be submitted by the following: Non-profit, non-academic organizations: Independent museums, observatories, research laboratories, professional societies and similar organizations located in the U.S. that are directly associated with educational or research activities.

Institutions of Higher Education (IHEs) - Two- and four-year IHEs (including community colleges) accredited in, and having a campus located in the US, acting on behalf of their faculty members. DOE National Laboratories.

By the submission deadline, any PI, co-PI, or other senior/key personnel must: be a DOE National Laboratory employee; or a tenured or tenure-track position, or a primary, full-time paid appointment in a research or teaching position at a US-based campus of an organization eligible to submit to this solicitation (see above), with exceptions granted for family or medical leave, as determined by the submitting organization.

Individuals with primary appointments at for-profit non-academic organizations or at overseas branch campuses of U.S. institutions of higher education are not eligible. A project must have at least one (co)-PI with expertise in scientific computing and at least one (co)-PI with expertise in formal reasoning and mechanized proving of properties of programs.

Limit on Number of Proposals per Organization: There are no restrictions or limits. Limit on Number of Proposals per PI or co-PI: 2 An investigator may participate as PI, co-PI, or Senior/Key Personnel in no more than two (2) proposals submitted in response to this solicitation, per deadline. An investigator cannot be PI, co-PI, or Senior/Key Personnel on more than two (2) awards throughout the life of this program (FY 2025 – FY 2027).

A project must have at least one (co)-PI with expertise in scientific computing and at least one (co)-PI with expertise in formal reasoning and mechanized proving of properties of programs. These eligibility constraints will be strictly enforced in order to treat everyone fairly and consistently .

In the event that an individual exceeds the participation limit, proposals received within the limit will be accepted based on earliest date and time of proposal submission (i.e., the first two proposals received will be accepted, and the remainder will be returned without review). Additionally, a participant who is already PI, co-PI, or Senior/Key Personnel on two (2) awards, can no longer submit a proposal to the program.

No exceptions will be made. Proposals submitted in response to this solicitation may not duplicate or be substantially similar to other proposals concurrently under consideration by NSF or the DOE.

Additional Eligibility Info: For U.S. IHE and non-profit, non-academic organizations with overseas campuses/offices, this solicitation restricts eligibility to research activities using the facilities, equipment, and other resources of the campuses/offices located in the US only. Further, subawards are not permitted to overseas campuses/offices of US-based proposing organizations.

Only DOE will provide funding to DOE National Laboratories and their sub-recipients, while both NSF and DOE may provide funding to other selected institutions. Proposed projects are not required to include DOE National Laboratories, but projects including DOE National Laboratories should target applications of relevance to one or more DOE SC programs . Collaborative proposals are encouraged.

V. Proposal Preparation And Submission Instructions A. Proposal Preparation Instructions Full Proposal Preparation Instructions : Proposers may opt to submit proposals in response to this Program Solicitation via Research.

gov or Grants. gov. Full Proposals submitted via Research. gov: Proposals submitted in response to this program solicitation should be prepared and submitted in accordance with the general guidelines contained in the NSF Proposal and Award Policies and Procedures Guide (PAPPG).

The complete text of the PAPPG is available electronically on the NSF website at: https://www. nsf. gov/publications/pub_summ.

jsp? ods_key=pappg . Paper copies of the PAPPG may be obtained from the NSF Publications Clearinghouse, telephone (703) 292-8134 or by e-mail from nsfpubs@nsf.

gov . The Prepare New Proposal setup will prompt you for the program solicitation number. Full proposals submitted via Grants.

gov: Proposals submitted in response to this program solicitation via Grants. gov should be prepared and submitted in accordance with the NSF Grants. gov Application Guide: A Guide for the Preparation and Submission of NSF Applications via Grants.

gov . The complete text of the NSF Grants. gov Application Guide is available on the Grants.

gov website and on the NSF website at: ( https://www. nsf. gov/publications/pub_summ.

jsp? ods_key=grantsgovguide ). To obtain copies of the Application Guide and Application Forms Package, click on the Apply tab on the Grants.

gov site, then click on the Apply Step 1: Download a Grant Application Package and Application Instructions link and enter the funding opportunity number, (the program solicitation number without the NSF prefix) and press the Download Package button. Paper copies of the Grants. gov Application Guide also may be obtained from the NSF Publications Clearinghouse, telephone (703) 292-8134 or by e-mail from nsfpubs@nsf.

gov . In determining which method to utilize in the electronic preparation and submission of the proposal, please note the following: Collaborative Proposals. All collaborative proposals submitted as separate submissions from multiple organizations must be submitted via Research.

gov. PAPPG Chapter II. E. 3 provides additional information on collaborative proposals.

See PAPPG Chapter II. D. 2 for guidance on the required sections of a full research proposal submitted to NSF.

Please note that the proposal preparation instructions provided in this program solicitation may deviate from the PAPPG instructions. Important Information for Proposals from DOE National Laboratories: If recommended for funding, proposals from DOE National Laboratories will be awarded by DOE.

Therefore, the budget from the DOE National Laboratory must be included as a Supplementary Document (see instructions for Supplementary Documents (d), below), and not in the Budget section of the proposal. No costs should be entered on the NSF budget form ; a budget with $0 annual budgets and a $0 cumulative budget will automatically be generated by Research.

gov. Since there will be no salaries entered on the NSF budget form for Senior/Key personnel, the names of the PI and any co-PI(s) or other Senior/Key personnel must be manually removed from Section A of the NSF budget form. In the Budget Justification section, upload a file that states "Not applicable for proposals submitted by a DOE National Laboratory." Failure to take these steps will prevent the proposal from being submitted.

Proposal Titles: Proposal titles must begin with the acronym " CS 2 ", followed by a colon and followed by the title of the project. A single-organization proposal must have a title of the form CS 2 : Title . A collaborative proposal with PIs from multiple organizations (submitted as separate submissions from multiple organizations) must use the form Collaborative Research: CS 2 : Title .

Project Summary : Keywords that identify main topics of the proposal must be included at the end of the Overview section of the Project Summary. Project Description: Project Descriptions are limited to 15 pages in length.

In addition to the requirements specified in the PAPPG, including the requirement for a separate section labeled "Broader Impacts," the Project Description must address, in separate (sub)sections titled "Theories and methodologies" , "Critical Modules" , and "Evaluation Plan" , respectively, these basic requirements outlined in Section II and repeated below: 1.

Propose generalizable theories and methodologies for proving correctness of scientific computing systems. Define and justify appropriate correctness criteria; provide examples of correctness violations. 2.

Identify (with justification) critical modules of at least two scientific computing applications, already recognized as highly performant ; (a) Demonstrate how theories and methodologies developed in (1) can be instantiated/adapted to accomplish full correctness proofs of implementations of the chosen modules during the project.

(b) Provide examples of abstractions that may aid proofs of correctness: argue how the abstractions may help make verification modular, end-to-end, and machine-checkable (see points (A) – (C), Section II). (c) Discuss salient assumptions on e.g., external libraries, tools, and hardware; where meaningful, discuss technical approaches for discharging the assumptions. 3.

Present an evaluation plan that includes a timeline and outlines success metrics. An essential end goal of a proposed project should be evidence, by way of machine-checked mathematical proof, that the chosen critical modules of the applications satisfy stated correctness properties. A proposal which fails to address the PAPPG requirements, and the basic requirements above will be returned without review.

Supplementary Documents: In addition to the guidance in the PAPPG, upload the following: (a) A list of Project Personnel and Partner Institutions (required) (Note: In collaborative proposals, the lead organization should provide this information for all participants): Provide current, accurate information for all personnel and organizations involved in the project.

NSF staff will use this information in the merit review process to manage reviewer selection. The list must include all PIs, co-PIs, Senior/Key Personnel, funded/unfunded Consultants or Collaborators, Subawardees, Postdoctoral Researchers, and project-level advisory committee members. This list should be numbered and include (in this order) Full name, Organization(s), and Role in the project, with each item separated by a semi-colon.

Each person listed should start a new numbered line. For example: Mei Lin; XYZ University; PI Jak Jabes; University of PQR; Senior Personnel Jane Brown; XYZ University; Postdoctoral Researcher Rakel Ademas; ABC Inc.; Funded Consultant Maria Wan; Welldone Institution; Unfunded Collaborator Rimon Greene; ZZZ University; Subawardee (b) Data Management and Sharing Plan (required) : See Chapter II. D.

2 of the PAPPG for full policy implementation. For additional information on the Dissemination and Sharing of Research Results, see: https://www. nsf.

gov/bfa/dias/policy/dmp. jsp . (c) Collaboration Plan (required): All projects, whether involving a single institution or multiple institutions, must include a Collaboration Plan submitted by the (lead) institution as a separate Supplementary Document (limited to 3 pages).

This plan must describe the distinct expertise provided by the PIs as required above under "Who May Serve as PI" as well as plans for working together to advance knowledge in scientific computing; formal reasoning and mechanized proving of properties of programs; and, most crucially, in the intersection of these topics. Joint supervision of students and postdoctoral researchers is strongly encouraged.

The collaboration plan must also describe clear measures of success and a plan for evaluating success. Projects without a Collaboration Plan will be returned without review. (d) DOE budget and budget justification (required for all projects involving the National Laboratories).

The budget should be provided using the standard SF-424 Research & Related (R&R) Budget form. Inclusion of voluntary committed cost sharing is prohibited. Budget Preparation Instructions: Projects are limited to $800,000 in total budget, with durations of up to four years, exclusive of funding to participating DOE National Laboratories.

DOE National Laboratories, whether proposers or proposed sub-recipients, may request up to $500,000 per year. This limit applies to the aggregated total budgets of all participating DOE National Laboratories in each proposed project.

While DOE National Laboratories may be proposed as sub-recipients on proposals from an eligible IHE or non-profit, non-academic organization, if recommended for an award, the funding for the DOE National Laboratory will be awarded by DOE and the amount of any such proposed subaward will be removed from the prime recipient's award from NSF.

DOE National Laboratories and other eligible organizations selected to receive funding from DOE will be required to make an additional proposal submission to DOE. Relevant selected organizations will be provided with specific instructions by DOE. DOE National Laboratories should detail their budgets only in a Supplementary Document (d) as indicated above.

For collaborative projects involving PIs from DOE National Laboratories, the Budget Justification sections from all other PIs should clearly differentiate their budgets from any similar funds requested in the DOE budgets and justify their full requested budgets. The CS 2 program is aiming to grow a new research community.

In this spirit, the program plans to host virtual and/or in-person PI meetings during the program, with participation from all funded PIs along with other representatives from the research community, government, and industry. For each award, at least one collaborating PI focusing on scientific computing and at least one PI focusing on formal reasoning, verification, and mechanized proofs are expected to attend the PI meeting.

Students and postdoctoral scholars involved in funded projects will also be encouraged to attend these meetings. As part of its budget for each year, each proposal must include the costs of attending in-person CS 2 PI meetings for a minimum of two PIs and two students or postdocs. Full Proposal Deadline(s) (due by 5 p.

m. submitting organization's local time): Every Second Tuesday in August for FY24, 25, and 26. D.

Research. gov/Grants. gov Requirements For Proposals Submitted Via Research.

gov: To prepare and submit a proposal via Research. gov, see detailed technical instructions available at: https://www. research.

gov/research-portal/appmanager/base/desktop? _nfpb=true&_pageLabel=research_node_display&_nodePath=/researchGov/Service/Desktop/ProposalPreparationandSubmission. html .

For Research. gov user support, call the Research. gov Help Desk at 1-800-381-1532 or e-mail rgov@nsf.

gov . The Research. gov Help Desk answers general technical questions related to the use of the Research.

gov system. Specific questions related to this program solicitation should be referred to the NSF program staff contact(s) listed in Section VIII of this funding opportunity. For Proposals Submitted Via Grants.

gov: Before using Grants. gov for the first time, each organization must register to create an institutional profile. Once registered, the applicant's organization can then apply for any federal grant on the Grants.

gov website. Comprehensive information about using Grants. gov is available on the Grants.

gov Applicant Resources webpage: https://www. grants. gov/applicants .

In addition, the NSF Grants. gov Application Guide (see link in Section V. A) provides instructions regarding the technical preparation of proposals via Grants.

gov. For Grants. gov user support, contact the Grants. gov Contact Center at 1-800-518-4726 or by email: support@grants.

gov . The Grants. gov Contact Center answers general technical questions related to the use of Grants.

gov. Specific questions related to this program solicitation should be referred to the NSF program staff contact(s) listed in Section VIII of this solicitation. Submitting the Proposal: Once all documents have been completed, the Authorized Organizational Representative (AOR) must submit the application to Grants. gov and verify the desired funding opportunity and agency to which the application is submitted.

The AOR must then sign and submit the application to Grants. gov. The