Community Level Interventions to Lower Firearm Violence (R01)

Community Level Interventions to Lower Firearm Violence (R01) is sponsored by National Institutes of Health.

Expired RFA-NR-24-001: Firearm Injury Prevention in Community Healthcare Settings (R01 Clinical Trial Optional) This notice has expired. Check the NIH Guide for active opportunities and notices. Department of Health and Human Services Part 1.

Overview Information Participating Organization(s) National Institutes of Health ( NIH ) Components of Participating Organizations National Institute of Nursing Research ( NINR ) Sexual and Gender Minority Research Office ( SGMRO ) All applications to this funding opportunity announcement should fall within the mission of the Institutes/Centers. The following NIH Offices may co-fund applications assigned to those Institutes/Centers.

Division of Program Coordination, Planning and Strategic Initiatives, Office of Disease Prevention ( ODP ) Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research ( OBSSR ) Office of Research on Women's Health ( ORWH ) Funding Opportunity Title Firearm Injury Prevention in Community Healthcare Settings (R01 Clinical Trial Optional) R01 Research Project Grant September 13, 2023 - Pre-Application Webinar for RFA-NR-24-001: Firearm Injury Prevention in Community Healthcare Settings (R01 Clinical Trial Optional).

See Notice NOT-NR-23-017 August 31, 2022 - Implementation Changes for Genomic Data Sharing Plans Included with Applications Due on or after January 25, 2023. See Notice NOT-OD-22-198 . August 5, 2022 - Implementation Details for the NIH Data Management and Sharing Policy.

See Notice NOT-OD-22-189 . Notice of Funding Opportunity (NOFO) Number Companion Funding Opportunity See Section III. 3.

Additional Information on Eligibility. Assistance Listing Number(s) Funding Opportunity Purpose The purpose of this initiative is to advance research that reduces firearm injury and disparities through the development and evaluation of firearm injury primary prevention interventions leveraging community healthcare settings.

This NOFO requires a Plan for Enhancing Diverse Perspectives (PEDP), which will be assessed as part of the scientific and technical peer review evaluation. Applications that fail to include a PEDP will be considered incomplete and will be withdrawn. Applicants are strongly encouraged to read the NOFO instructions carefully and view the available PEDP guidance material .

Open Date (Earliest Submission Date) Letter of Intent Due Date(s) Renewal / Resubmission / Revision (as allowed) AIDS - New/Renewal/Resubmission/Revision, as allowed All applications are due by 5:00 PM local time of applicant organization. Applicants are encouraged to apply early to allow adequate time to make any corrections to errors found in the application during the submission process by the due date.

No late applications will be accepted for this Notice of Funding Opportunity (NOFO). Required Application Instructions It is critical that applicants follow the instructions in the Research (R) Instructions in the How to Apply - Application Guide , except where instructed to do otherwise (in this NOFO or in a Notice from NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts ).

Conformance to all requirements (both in the Application Guide and the NOFO) is required and strictly enforced. Applicants must read and follow all application instructions in the Application Guide as well as any program-specific instructions noted in Section IV. When the program-specific instructions deviate from those in the Application Guide, follow the program-specific instructions.

Applications that do not comply with these instructions may be delayed or not accepted for review. Part 1. Overview Information Part 2.

Full Text of Announcement Section I. Notice of Funding Opportunity Description Section II. Award Information Section III.

Eligibility Information Section IV. Application and Submission Information Section V. Application Review Information Section VI.

Award Administration Information Section VII. Agency Contacts Section VIII. Other Information Part 2.

Full Text of Announcement Section I. Notice of Funding Opportunity Description The purpose of this initiative is to advance research that reduces firearm injury and disparities through the development and evaluation of firearm injury primary prevention interventions leveraging community healthcare settings. Projects that include translation into routine practice are also invited.

Following the public health model from the 2019 Medical Summit on Firearm Injury Prevention, primary prevention refers to events happening prior to discharge of a firearm, such as safe firearm storage and handling, safety training, screening, community-building and investment, and programs addressing social determinants of health or unmet social needs.

Prevention interventions at multiple levels are needed to address firearm morbidity and mortality due to both intentional injury (including suicide) and unintentional injury.

Under this initiative, NINR is interested in novel and creative approaches to firearm injury prevention that capitalize on community healthcare settings, to identify risk factors; reduce exposure risk in individuals, families, and populations; prevent injury or reoccurrence of injury; and mitigate disparities.

In alignment with its mission and focus on a holistic, contextualized approach to optimizing health for all people, NINR prioritizes research that meaningfully incorporates social determinants of health (SDOH) as primary drivers of health and health disparities. Effective and sustainable solutions to the challenge of firearm injury prevention demand the integration of an SDOH perspective.

Firearm injury is a complex problem that requires attention to the context in which individuals live, learn, work, play, worship, and age, and how these factors intersect, including how those factors contribute to risk, exposure, and injury. Meaningful engagement of the community in the research is necessary to develop sustainable solutions.

Nursing’s contributions to injury prevention in the varied community healthcare settings where nurses practice will be emphasized. For this funding opportunity, community healthcare settings include locations where individuals interact with health care personnel outside of acute care settings.

These community healthcare settings include, but are not limited to, schools; primary care centers including Federally Qualified Health Centers; non-hospital-based locations where walk-in and same-day services are available including pharmacies, pharmacy-based clinics, vaccination clinics, and mobile health units; home health care; workplaces; faith-based clinics; and other local community settings where healthcare is provided (e.g., WIC centers, Senior Centers, Health Fairs, etc.).

Acute healthcare settings, including but not limited to hospitals and emergency departments, are excluded. Firearm injuries and deaths are a serious public health problem in our nation. In 2021, there were 48,830 firearm deaths in the United States, 97% of which were homicides or suicides.

This equates to one death every 11 minutes. Nonfatal firearm injuries were even more common. For each person killed, there are two wounded.

Since 2020, firearm injuries have been the leading cause of death in children and adolescents. In 2021, approximately 8 of every 10 homicides were committed with a firearm. Firearms are used in more than half of all suicides, and suicidal acts using firearms have the highest fatality rate of any method, with nearly 90% ending in death.

Furthermore, experiences with firearm incidents are common in the U.S., with the majority of adults (54%) stating that they or a family member have been threatened, injured, or killed by a firearm.

Upstream structural drivers of disparities in risk and exposure have led to disproportionate impacts on minority health and NIH-designated populations that experience health disparities, with risk and perhaps effective intervention approaches differing for populations defined by intersecting social identities and sociodemographics.

For example, Black individuals have firearm homicide rates ten times greater than White individuals (with rates of 29. 0 per 100,000 vs. 2. 9 per 100,000, respectively).

Three in ten Black adults (31%) and 22% of Hispanic adults have personally witnessed someone being shot. According to recent data, homicides were up to 22. 5 times higher among non-Hispanic Black men and up to 3.

6 times higher among Hispanic men compared to non-Hispanic White men. Firearm injuries and deaths vary geographically as well. Intentional firearm injuries are associated with concentrated poverty, with the highest homicide and suicide rates being in the communities with the highest poverty levels.

According to the CDC, the firearm-related death rate in rural communities was 28% higher than the urban rate (17. 0 and 13. 9 deaths per 100,000 residents, in rural and urban communities, respectively), due to higher rates of suicide in rural communities.

Another example of the urban-rural disparity can be seen in hospitalizations for firearm injuries in children, which are lower for urban than rural 5- to 9-year-olds and 10- to 14-year-olds. Research demonstrates that firearm injury is entirely preventable. Therefore, it is expected that research in this area will be informed by the science of injury prevention.

Primary prevention-focused approaches allow for and encourage interventions at any level and across multiple levels, as appropriate. This includes upstream efforts focused on the structural and social determinants of health including working to ensure safe environments, and downstream actions responding to the needs of individuals, families, and communities.

There is a gap in evidence on primary prevention of firearm injury and mortality in healthcare settings. Previous research has focused largely on secondary prevention in acute care settings such as hospitals, emergency rooms, and academic medical centers, intervening after an initial exposure.

While there have been some studies implementing promising firearm safety interventions in pediatric primary care and in schools, there has been little work on firearm injury prevention leveraging the many other community healthcare settings such as walk-in clinics, workplace health clinics, or community vaccination clinics that are the first and primary points-of-contact with the healthcare system for many individuals and families.

Healthcare services are frequently embedded in trusted community-based organizations with deep roots in the community that have experience and demonstrated success in implementing effective and acceptable care innovations with broad reach.

Therefore, community healthcare settings may be ideal for the development and implementation of contextually and culturally responsive and cost-effective approaches to primary prevention of firearm injury and mortality.

One priority in reducing the threat of firearm injury is the universal standardization of firearm injury prevention practice in routine healthcare, including individual, family, organization, or community focused interventions.

With some differences for unintentional and intentional firearm injury and across groups, risk of firearm injury has been linked to a wide variety of community, social, and economic conditions such as socioeconomic disadvantage, trust, social cohesion, housing, and greenspace; and individual and family social and economic circumstances such as low income and food insecurity.

These factors may influence the effectiveness of prevention efforts and require attention to these intersecting risks.

Lessons learned from accomplishments in public health call for strategies that move beyond individual level interventions to multilevel strategies that incorporate changing policies and developing initiatives within communities and embedded institutions to stimulate changes in social norms and behaviors while also addressing social needs.

Healthcare organizations are increasingly addressing social needs and social determinants of health to improve health outcomes. Incorporation of a social determinants of health perspective using the NIH-wide Social Determinants of Health conceptualization and a multilevel approach may enhance the effectiveness of interventions in community healthcare settings to reduce firearm injury and related disparities.

To achieve measurable, meaningful, and sustained results, community engagement is critical in research to improve primary prevention that takes advantage of community healthcare settings.

Key features of projects responsive to this funding opportunity will be addressing the most pressing needs and generating and/or adapting knowledge related to firearm injury prevention for specific populations defined by intersecting identities and to the local context. This process requires partners with knowledge of and lived experience in the community.

Other steps in the process, such as assessing barriers and preferences, also require community involvement. Thus, in addition to clinicians, community members are expected to be integral partners in all studies. Community engagement in this funding opportunity is defined as working with identified groups of people (connected by geographic location, special interest, etc.) to identify interventions to reduce firearm injury.

Depending on the specific intervention, appropriate partners might be educators; representatives or leaders from faith-based, community-based, tribal-serving, or social service organizations; representatives or leaders from advocacy groups or neighborhood associations; or parents; among others. The degree of engagement should be appropriate to the activities planned. Nurses have a unique and vital role in reducing firearm injury.

Nursing practice prioritizes prevention, and nurses are frequently the first and most common healthcare contact for individuals seeking care, especially in community settings. Nurses are trained to assess physical and mental health, identify risk factors for injury, and address the individual, social, organizational, community, and cultural context in their assessments, communication, education, and interventions.

This expertise, combined with nursing’s holistic perspective that understands individuals, families, and communities within the context of their lives and living conditions, can and should be harnessed to develop, test, and implement new innovative models of firearm injury prevention.

Furthermore, as a profession consistently regarded as the most trusted, nursing has the positive relationships and network of connections and resources required to create meaningful change. This opportunity encourages approaches that capitalize on the expertise and integration of nurses in community settings.

This funding opportunity solicits applications that focus on primary prevention of firearm injury leveraging community healthcare settings. Applications may propose intervention studies with a rigorous design including, but not limited to, policy implementation studies, natural experiments and other studies with a quasi-experimental design, as well as those meeting the NIH definition of a clinical trial.

Aims may focus on efficacy, effectiveness, or hybrid effectiveness/implementation research. Health or behavioral outcomes for this funding opportunity should be appropriate to the aims and should include, but are not limited to, changes in behavior related to firearm injury prevention and firearm safety procedures, and implementation outcomes.

Change in knowledge of firearm injury prevention measures may be a secondary outcome (e.g., as a mechanism of action) but should not be the focus of the project. Multi-level, multi-disciplinary interventions and outcomes are encouraged, including individual, interpersonal, organizational, and community levels. Individual level outcomes should be one of the outcome levels included.

Rigorous methods that address potential sources of bias that are appropriate to the study design are expected. Intervention studies are expected to include a theory-informed examination of the mechanisms of intervention effects.

Projects that are responsive to this funding opportunity include R01 studies of all size, from small, single-site, three-year projects such as to adapt an intervention to the community or to test efficacy of an intervention, to large multi-site trials to test effectiveness and implementation strategies. Applications that meet any of the non-responsiveness criteria will be considered non-responsive and will not be reviewed.

Implementation studies should include an evaluation of the effectiveness of the intervention in the site or sites. Years requested and project budgets should reflect the scope of the project. A description of plans for community engagement, including clear justification of the planned approach, is required.

Projects that focus on populations that experience health disparities are highly encouraged. Research questions that might be addressed through this funding opportunity include, but are not limited to: What are effective interventions, systems, and models of care that leverage community healthcare settings to reduce risk, exposure, and firearm injury?

What are effective interventions, systems, and models of care that leverage community healthcare settings to mitigate disparities in risk, exposure, and firearm injury?

How do social determinants of health ( perspective using the NIH-wide Social Determinants of Health conceptualization ) and individual or family social needs affect risk, exposure, or injury, and alter effectiveness of firearm injury prevention programs, their implementation in routine practice, and their sustainability?

How can effective interventions for screening, directed assessments, and brief education interventions be customized or tailored for use, implemented into a specific community setting, and sustained? What are effective strategies to support equitable access to effective firearm injury prevention programs within the context of an encounter with a nurse?

What models of care leveraging nurses' unique perspectives, skills, and relationships with people and organizations with whom they interact are effective in integrating firearm injury prevention activities in community healthcare settings? What are the best approaches to integrate effective interventions for firearm injury prevention into community healthcare settings, reduce health disparities, and promote health equity?

What strategies close the gap in access to equitable firearm injury prevention programs among NIH-designated populations that experience health disparities, families, populations defined by intersecting identities, and communities, and which interventions are most effective?

How do changes in local, state, and federal health care and non-health care policies (e.g., laws/policies regarding insurance coverage, eligibility for services, workplace safety) influence the effectiveness of firearm injury prevention?

Examples of projects supported by this funding opportunity can include, but are not limited to: Studies testing effectiveness of a universal screening approach in community healthcare settings to identify at-risk individuals, families, and populations where they live, learn, work, play, worship, and age.

Studies that adapt and test prevention approaches found to be effective in addressing other public health challenges and that have been successfully integrated into practice, such as those addressing seat belt use, smoking cessation, risk factors for alcohol abuse, breast cancer screenings, and others, in a way that normalizes primary prevention of firearm injury.

Studies that intervene on social determinants of health or social needs to prevent firearm injuries and reduce disparities. Studies that test how social determinants of health or social needs modify the effectiveness of interventions, their implementation in routine practice, or their sustainability. Implementation/effectiveness and/or pragmatic trials focusing on multi-level interventions, and sustainability of the intervention.

Studies developing and testing integrated models of preventive care that span healthcare to community settings. Implementation of firearm safety screening in mental health, alcohol- and/or substance-use disorder clinics. A natural experiment studying the effects of a firearm injury prevention program implemented in a school district.

Non-Responsive Applications Applications with the following attributes will be deemed non-responsive and will not be reviewed: Set in hospital, emergency room, or other acute healthcare setting such as a same-day surgery center or freestanding emergency room. Includes sites outside of the United States. Purpose and/or primary aim is not focused on primary prevention of firearm injury.

Does not include a Plan for Enhancing Diverse Perspectives. Change in knowledge about firearm injury is the only or primary outcome. Does not include an individual behavioral and/or health outcome.

Purely descriptive or observational studies that do not employ a design to evaluate the effects of an intervention (which may include an event or policy implementation not controlled by the investigators). Implementation studies should include an evaluation of the effectiveness of the intervention in the site or sites.

Plan for Enhancing Diverse Perspectives This NOFO requires a Plan for Enhancing Diverse Perspectives (PEDP) as described in NOT-MH-21-310 , submitted as Other Project Information as an attachment (see Section IV). Applicants are strongly encouraged to read the NOFO instructions carefully and view the available PEDP guidance material .

The PEDP will be assessed as part of the scientific and technical peer review evaluation, as well as considered among programmatic matters with respect to funding decisions. See Section VIII. Other Information for award authorities and regulations.

Investigators proposing NIH-defined clinical trials may refer to the Research Methods Resources website for information about developing statistical methods and study designs. Section II. Award Information Grant: A support mechanism providing money, property, or both to an eligible entity to carry out an approved project or activity.

Application Types Allowed The OER Glossary and the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide provide details on these application types. Only those application types listed here are allowed for this NOFO. Optional: Accepting applications that either propose or do not propose clinical trial(s).

Need help determining whether you are doing a clinical trial? Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards NINR intends to commit $3 million in FY 2024 to fund 4-6 awards, depending on receipt of meritorious awards and availability of funds. Application budgets are limited to less than $500,000 direct costs in any year and need to reflect the actual needs of the proposed project.

The scope of the proposed project should determine the project period. The maximum project period is 5 years. NIH grants policies as described in the NIH Grants Policy Statement will apply to the applications submitted and awards made from this NOFO.

Section III.

Eligibility Information Higher Education Institutions Public/State Controlled Institutions of Higher Education Private Institutions of Higher Education The following types of Higher Education Institutions are always encouraged to apply for NIH support as Public or Private Institutions of Higher Education: Hispanic-serving Institutions Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities (TCCUs) Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Serving Institutions Asian American Native American Pacific Islander Serving Institutions (AANAPISIs) Nonprofits Other Than Institutions of Higher Education Nonprofits with 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institutions of Higher Education) Nonprofits without 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institutions of Higher Education) For-Profit Organizations (Other than Small Businesses) City or Township Governments Special District Governments Indian/Native American Tribal Governments (Federally Recognized) Indian/Native American Tribal Governments (Other than Federally Recognized) Eligible Agencies of the Federal Government U.S. Territory or Possession Independent School Districts Public Housing Authorities/Indian Housing Authorities Native American Tribal Organizations (other than Federally recognized tribal governments) Faith-based or Community-based Organizations Non-domestic (non-U.S.) Entities (Foreign Institutions) are not eligible to apply.

Non-domestic (non-U.S.) components of U.S. Organizations are not eligible to apply. Foreign components, as defined in the NIH Grants Policy Statement , are allowed. Applicant organizations must complete and maintain the following registrations as described in the SF 424 (R&R) Application Guide to be eligible to apply for or receive an award.

All registrations must be completed prior to the application being submitted. Registration can take 6 weeks or more, so applicants should begin the registration process as soon as possible. The NIH Grants Policy Statement Section 2.

3. 9. 2 Electronically Submitted Applications states that failure to complete registrations in advance of a due date is not a valid reason for a late submission.

System for Award Management (SAM) Applicants must complete and maintain an active registration, which requires renewal at least annually . The renewal process may require as much time as the initial registration. SAM registration includes the assignment of a Commercial and Government Entity (CAGE) Code for domestic organizations which have not already been assigned a CAGE Code.

NATO Commercial and Government Entity (NCAGE) Code Foreign organizations must obtain an NCAGE code (in lieu of a CAGE code) in order to register in SAM. Unique Entity Identifier (UEI) - A UEI is issued as part of the SAM. gov registration process.

The same UEI must be used for all registrations, as well as on the grant application. eRA Commons - Once the unique organization identifier is established, organizations can register with eRA Commons in tandem with completing their Grants. gov registration; all registrations must be in place by time of submission.

eRA Commons requires organizations to identify at least one Signing Official (SO) and at least one Program Director/Principal Investigator (PD/PI) account in order to submit an application. Grants. gov Applicants must have an active SAM registration in order to complete the Grants.

gov registration. Program Directors/Principal Investigators (PD(s)/PI(s)) All PD(s)/PI(s) must have an eRA Commons account. PD(s)/PI(s) should work with their organizational officials to either create a new account or to affiliate their existing account with the applicant organization in eRA Commons.

If the PD/PI is also the organizational Signing Official, they must have two distinct eRA Commons accounts, one for each role. Obtaining an eRA Commons account can take up to 2 weeks.

Eligible Individuals (Program Director/Principal Investigator) Any individual(s) with the skills, knowledge, and resources necessary to carry out the proposed research as the Program Director(s)/Principal Investigator(s) (PD(s)/PI(s)) is invited to work with their organization to develop an application for support.

Individuals from diverse backgrounds, including underrepresented racial and ethnic groups, individuals with disabilities, and women are always encouraged to apply for NIH support. See, Reminder: Notice of NIH's Encouragement of Applications Supporting Individuals from Underrepresented Ethnic and Racial Groups as well as Individuals with Disabilities, NOT-OD-22-019 .

For institutions/organizations proposing multiple PDs/PIs, visit the Multiple Program Director/Principal Investigator Policy and submission details in the Senior/Key Person Profile (Expanded) Component of the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide. This NOFO does not require cost sharing as defined in the NIH Grants Policy Statement. 3.

Additional Information on Eligibility Applicant organizations may submit more than one application, provided that each application is scientifically distinct. The NIH will not accept duplicate or highly overlapping applications under review at the same time, per NIH Grants Policy Statement Section 2. 3.

7. 4 Submission of Resubmission Application . This means that the NIH will not accept: A new (A0) application that is submitted before issuance of the summary statement from the review of an overlapping new (A0) or resubmission (A1) application.

A resubmission (A1) application that is submitted before issuance of the summary statement from the review of the previous new (A0) application. An application that has substantial overlap with another application pending appeal of initial peer review (see NIH Grants Policy Statement 2. 3.

9. 4 Similar, Essentially Identical, or Identical Applications ). Section IV.

Application and Submission Information 1. Requesting an Application Package The application forms package specific to this opportunity must be accessed through ASSIST, Grants. gov Workspace or an institutional system-to-system solution.

Links to apply using ASSIST or Grants. gov Workspace are available in Part 1 of this NOFO. See your administrative office for instructions if you plan to use an institutional system-to-system solution.

2. Content and Form of Application Submission It is critical that applicants follow the instructions in the Research (R) Instructions in the How to Apply - Application Guide except where instructed in this notice of funding opportunity to do otherwise. Conformance to the requirements in the Application Guide is required and strictly enforced.

Applications that are out of compliance with these instructions may be delayed or not accepted for review. Although a letter of intent is not required, is not binding, and does not enter into the review of a subsequent application, the information that it contains allows IC staff to estimate the potential review workload and plan the review. By the date listed in Part 1.

Overview Information , prospective applicants are asked to submit a letter of intent that includes the following information: Descriptive title of proposed activity Name(s), address(es), and telephone number(s) of the PD(s)/PI(s) Names of other key personnel Participating institution(s) Number and title of this funding opportunity The letter of intent should be sent to: National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) All page limitations described in the SF424 Application Guide and the Table of Page Limits must be followed.

Instructions for Application Submission The following section supplements the instructions found in the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide and should be used for preparing an application to this NOFO. All instructions in the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide must be followed. SF424(R&R) Project/Performance Site Locations All instructions in the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide must be followed.

SF424(R&R) Other Project Information All instructions in the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide must be followed. Plan for Enhancing Diverse Perspectives In an "Other Attachment" entitled "Plan for Enhancing Diverse Perspectives," all applicants must include a summary of strategies to advance the scientific and technical merit of the proposed project through expanded inclusivity.

The PEDP should provide a holistic and integrated view of how enhancing diverse perspectives is viewed and supported throughout the application and can incorporate elements with relevance to any review criteria (significance, investigator(s), innovation, approach, and environment) as appropriate. Where possible, applicant(s) should align their description with these required elements within the research strategy section.

The PEDP will vary depending on the scientific aims, expertise required, the environment and performance site(s), as well as how the project aims are structured. The PEDP may be no more than 1-page in length and should include a timeline and milestones for relevant components that will be considered as part of the review.

Examples of items that advance inclusivity in research and may be part of the PEDP can include, but are not Discussion of engagement with different types of institutions and organizations (e.g., research-intensive, undergraduate-focused, minority-serving, community-based). Description of any planned partnerships that may enhance geographic and regional diversity.

Plan to enhance recruiting of women and individuals from groups historically underrepresented in the biomedical, behavioral, and clinical research workforce. Proposed monitoring activities to identify and measure PEDP progress benchmarks. Plan to utilize the project infrastructure (i.e., research and structure) to support career-enhancing research opportunities for diverse junior, early- and mid-career researchers.

Description of any training and/or mentoring opportunities available to encourage participation of students, postdoctoral researchers and co-investigators from diverse backgrounds. Plan to develop transdisciplinary collaboration(s) that require unique expertise and/or solicit diverse perspectives to address research question(s). Publication plan that enumerates planned manuscripts and proposed lead authorship.

Outreach and planned engagement activities to enhance recruitment of individuals from diverse groups as research participants including those from under-represented backgrounds. For further information on the Plan for Enhancing Diverse Perspectives (PEDP), please see https://braininitiative. nih.

gov/about/plan-enhancing-diverse-perspectives-pedp SF424(R&R) Senior/Key Person Profile All instructions in the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide must be followed. All instructions in the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide must be followed. PEDP implementation costs Applicants may include allowable costs associated with PEDP implementation (as outlined in the Grants Policy Statement section 7: https://grants.

nih. gov/grants/policy/nihgps/html5/section_7/7. 1_general.

htm ). All instructions in the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide must be followed. PHS 398 Cover Page Supplement All instructions in the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide must be followed.

All instructions in the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide must be followed, with the following additional instructions: The Research Strategy section must include the following information: Justification of the risk for firearm injury in the population being studied. An outline of factors in the population that may lead to health disparities. Information on the expertise of the research team in firearm injury prevention.

A description of at least one outcome at an individual level. All applications must include a plan for community engagement that is well-justified and appropriate for the project. For natural experiments, policy implementation, or quasi-experimental studies, there must be a justification for the project that includes a description of the change or intervention being assessed and how it relates to firearm injury prevention.

For intervention studies, there must be a plan to sustain the intervention after the grant period. For clinical trials, there must be a description of prospective testing of the impact of the intervention on health and/or behavioral outcomes related to the prevention of firearm injury. Individuals are required to comply with the instructions for the Resource Sharing Plans as provided in the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide.

Note: Effective for due dates on or after January 25, 2023, the Data Management and Sharing Plan will be attached in the Other Plan(s) attachment in FORMS-H application forms